OG10-1有关问题的再汇总

1  1.The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.
(A) occurring when a child
(B) occurring when children
(C) that occurred when a child
(D) that occurred when they were children（D）
(E) that has occurred as each was a child

把问题都汇总了一下，希望大家接着讨论！

问题一：occurring when (divorce) a child?也就是说这样的省略不对，是吗？如何知道这里省略的是divorce？是根据什么道理呢？
答：occurring when a child修饰divorce, when的时间状语也是修饰的一部分，所以还原为一个句子就是
Divorce occurred when (divorce) a child
问题2  OG1 说 Choice A incorrectly introduces the when... phrase with occurring, thus illogicallymaking divorce the grammatical referent of when a child,先不论when a child的错误。OG的意思 occurring when a child 是修饰 divorce的,就是A of B中的B.?
答：这个问题我和几个CDer也讨论过。最后的结论是
A of B that定语 其修饰的主体都应该是B
A of B 分词，分词有可能是修饰A ，也有可能是修饰 B。
具体的选择，要根据句子的逻辑意思来判定
至于现在分词和过去分词是否作用不同，未去找相应的例子总结。
A of B + that结构：that从句都是指向中心名词A的，请参考OG196/210，除非A 和B有数量上的区别时，根据that从句的谓语的数来判断
修饰对象。(尚未定下来)
又找到一个例子
168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.
(A) double the apples that it has
(B) twice as many apples as it did
(C) as much as twice the apples it has
(D) two times as many apples as there were
(E) a doubling of the apples that it did
Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the adverbial phrase twice as many... to modify the verb produces; properly employs many rather than much to describe a quantity
made up of countable units (apples); and appropriately substitutes did for the understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces. Choice A awkwardly substitutes the adjective double for twice; uses that without a clear referent; and misuses has to refer to events occurring in 1910. Choice C employs the incorrect much in a wordy construction and also misuses has. D is wordy and imprecise;... as there were in 1910 refers to all apples produced in 1910, regardless of location. E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910.
A of B结构，除非有主谓一致的提示，不然只能逻辑判断
问题3 OG的解释：Choice A incorrectly introduces the when... phrase with occurring, thus illogically making divorce the grammatical referent of when a child怎么理解？
答：when后面可以接句子，分词，形容词。但不能接名词。（无定论）
另外，that+从句修饰名词表示一次性的动作。v-ing修饰名词表示反复性的动作。
偶的理解是divorce是occuring的逻辑主语，而在when引导的从句中省略的是divorce的主角。原句的意思变成divorce在它还是孩子的时候就发生了。
问题4：occuring when a child 和 that occurred when a child 中的时间状语的省掉的主语是什么？
解答1：when children ( or a child) 实际上都是省略主谓语的状语从句，只有在 从句的主谓语与主句一致时才可以省略。
解答2：The complete form of choice A is "occurring when (divorce was) a child" . Note:The clause is 'A divorce occured when (it was) a child', the logic subject (which is the subject of the clause) and link verb are omitted. So if you want to restore the omitted part, you have to use the subject of the sentence plus be. It is a rule, so memorize it. Of cource the meaning of this clause is absurd, so A is wrong. Pls refer to 《新编英语语法，章振邦》P1153，chapter36，无动词分句。
问题5：Occurring与that occurred when的区别。
解答1： 现在分词表示动作的反复、正在进行和延续，用在这里明显不合适，况且后面还有时间状语when，只能是过去分词表示一次性发生的动作
解答2： 昨天查了一本张道真的语法书，关于现在分词做定语有个解释：现在分词做定语，有三个作用，其一，相当于进行时态表示的正在进行的动作,这个好理解；其二，相当于一般时态所表示的任何时候都能发生的动作，eg:A man living in town rarely sees cows.要注意：做定语的现在分词和谓语动作必须表示相同的时间，否则只能用定语从句，不能用现在分词。eg:I muse find out the child who broke my door.(not breaking my door)如果是最后这一句所示的规则。那么该句使用that occured修饰divorce是非常合理的。
问题6：As与when的区别
解答： This question has been clearly clarified by the following statement:
"as 可能强调"随着", 表示伴随动作, 好像还是一个进行中的过程, 而when 只简单表示一个时间.
"You don't think the Divorce is one kind of continuous action, do you?
问题4： D中divorce后面的that能不能省掉。
这个好像没有说法。我个人认为可以，因为有的话是that定语从句，没有的话是过去分词做定语 修饰。
不知道大家如何看待这个问题4的？
总结一下：
D如果改为： occurred when they were children 也正确。 但是如果是occurring when they were children 或是 occurring as they were children 就不正确。
大家是不是这样看的？
多谢你的鼓励！
“这个that能不能省，that作定语从句里的主语, 而不是宾语，所以不能省。”
有道理。但是前提是这里是that定语从句的话。如果是过去分词直接做定语的话，就没有that啦。
“如果省了, 就变成occurred(分词)直接修饰divorce, 表被动.”
但它也可以表示动作发生在过去啊？我一直很糊涂：象这种过去分词修饰名词，它到底是同时表示被动和完成还是可以分别的表示？a student passed all the exams. 这里就是只
表示完成吧？如果对的话，那D中的that省掉，也是只时表示完成啊？那岂不是和D一样正确了吗？
a student passed all the exams 你的这个例子是个独立的句子, 而不是从句, passed当然表过去时.
过去分词做定语修饰名词.
I had a book (that was) written by ..... 这个句子that做主语被省略, 表被动.
I had a book that covered everything in GMAT. 我有一本书, 这本书讲了所有关于GMAT的东西.这个that不能省, 省了就变成被cover.
不及物动词是不可以被动的，因此不及物动词的过去分词只可以表示动作已经完成，这是必须用从句。