3.30口语机经

• 口语机经：2007.1.14

Task 1

While choosing a restaurant or café, what are the most important features you care about？Why?

Task 2

Should a city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Task 3

【公开信】：有个学生写信抱怨他去机房computer lab type 和打文件print的时候电脑不够用always unavailable。经常人满为患，排队要等很久，不方便，而且这些人很吵。建议computer lab建立一个预约签到系统new system让大家提前预约sigh-up sheet，每个人限制使用一个小时打印文件，这样可以提高效率improve the efficiency of using computer。 这样学生就不用花很多时间等了more convenient，也不会因为等候在lab大堂而制造噪音reduce noise。

【学生议论】：女同学表示这个系统不可行。理由1、每个人只给一小时students have to finish their printing or using computer in 1 hour，太短Limited time，大部分学生一小时打不完，就必须离开has to stop in the middle of work.，完不成还得另找时间再预约签到再来if they don’t finish, they have to turn back again，这样不efficient和convenient。理由2、如果约的人迟到了，他就打不完文件，就会影响后面的人。Since at present the noises come from the hall, if the new system establish, the noises will come from both the hall and the 争吵disagreement of students，会比大堂里的noise更吵。问：女生对此建议的态度和理由。[2007.1.14]  

Task 4

【课文要点】：friend affiliation（群体归属）。The crucial element of ad is awareness of what people value and what they want most. 人都是需要friend affiliation的。用某个牌子就意味着属于某个群体。广告商利用人们对与群体归属的渴望need，把品牌和某类人联系起来，让人们觉得，要成为这类人，就应该使用这个牌子。广告商宣传产品有两种方法，1是其positive effect，通过宣扬广告产品可以增加affiliation，在朋友之间寻求認同。2是其negative方法，说如果用别的brand产品就会失去affiliation。

【教授举例】：说比如你在为一个软饮料公司策划一个add campaign，你可以有两种方案，一种是在一个happy party里，一个年青人正和朋友们一起玩游戏，大家都喝一种新brand的soda，都很开心HIGH，then audiences think the soda can bring happiness to people。这个soda就成为这样一个场景下很重要的东西，起到广告作用。第二种场景，你和的fans和friends在打比赛，突然 a young man随手打开一瓶soda喝了，结果发现牌子喝错了，then all 热闹的people 一下字become quiet，用奇怪的眼神看他，and leave him alone，包括他的朋友也离开他。他意识到自己犯了大错，因为打开了错误的soda！这是从negative入手让观众喜欢这个牌子的soda。问教授是怎么说明reading passage中的观点的。

Task 5

【学生困难】：女生是校报school newspaper的editor，里面有movie review栏目，the very popular movie reviewer is going to graduate and leave for job interview, so no one is now in charge of this job. 咋办？

【解决方案】：the man’s two solutions. First one: look for replacement写movie review. 但是目前这个reviewer有名气，读者喜欢这个报纸大多因为喜欢他的review。换了可能不大好，大家会depressed。Second: 登他以前的review，女生说那就是不是new movie review了。男生说这应该没有关系，反正大家都喜欢他的文章，也可以做一个回顾。问女学生有什么问题?对这两种solution你更赞成哪一个？为什么?

Task 6

【讲课要点】：Perceived waiting time: The time customers think they wait. 顾客认为已经等待的时间。It’s important to cut the waiting time since customers are easily impatient. 要留住顾客源，If you can not cut the waiting time, use two methods to make the customers feel that the waiting time is short：第一种方法：告诉customers确切需要等的时间，可以通过一个electronic board let the customer know how much time left before a train gets into the station. 由于customer经常over estimate他们已经等了的时间，所以让他们知道确切时间也能解决问题。例如，等待火车时railway station，总是会有电子显示板告知时间，而顾客通常都会以为他们等了20分钟，事实上只等了10分钟，藉由显示真正时间可以缩短顾客的perceived waiting time。第二种方法：转移焦点，get something for the customers to do，比如让在候诊室waiting room的customer看电视TV to kill time，在hotel的elevator里安镜子mirrors，让customer在登电梯的时候照镜子，那样他们就没意识到在等了。让人觉得等待时间缩短。问什么是perceived waiting time，怎么解决。

·         口语机经：2007.1.13

Task 1

Describe your favorite room, it can be in your house or some other place and explain why.

Task 2

Some people prefer to go to the destination directly when they are on a trip; others prefer to spend time to go to some other places along the trip. Which do you prefer and why?

Task 3

【学校通知】：a short announcement on school newspaper says that学生会投票选举结果the final result of election推迟公布is to be delayed due to two irregularities during the voting process. 1、投票地点从原计划的图书馆一楼改到了二楼；2、餐厅在投票那天提前一个小时关门了。

【学生议论】：男生认为there're no reason to delay the result，because that two "irregularities"不会对选举结果造成影响。第一，the voting site in the library was moved from 1st floor to the 2nd floor due to the overcrowded situation on the 1st floor. that was because some other community activity held at the same time there. so they had to move to the 2nd floor. 第二，second, the voting site in the cafeteria was closed at 8pm because few people would go to cafe after 8pm.(在平时，7点餐厅就停止供应食物，于是8点后很少有人会去餐厅)，更何况餐厅并不是唯一的投票地点，想投票的人可以在其他地方投票，因此也不会对投票人数造成影响。

Task 4

【课文要点】：Resources Partitioning。在同一地区生活的动物会进化产生了不同的习性habitat（捕食方法和范围），从而使得吃同种食物的两种动物species之间不是激烈的竞争，而可以和谐生活在一起can peacefully live together without having to抢食吃。

【教授举例】：教授提供了两种鸭子的例子，两种duck（red head和黑鸭子）的食物相同。本来以为要打架(struggle)，但实际不是。各自develop不同的嘴巴，一种黑鸭子嘴长，吃中间的食物；红鸭子嘴短，吃池塘边上的食物。以适应同一个habitat里不同part的捕食需要。 

Task 5

【学生困难】：The man will direct a drama. Unluckily the leading actor Roger intends to quit the show rehearsal since he does not get along well with other actors and actresses. 

【解决方案】：two solutions：1、他自导自演the man will play Roger's role，但担心自己干太多忙不过来；2、persuade the actor not to quit. Describe the man's problem and discuss which solution you prefer.

Task 6

【讲课要点】：商品价格与需求demand成反比关系：通常是商品价格升高When the price becomes high,需要下降price goes up, demands goes down。两个原因：1、people replace the increased price product with some cheaper product，从而导致该商品需求下降。例如, when the price of coffee goes up, more people will cut the consumption, and choose to drink tea咖啡产量下降，茶的需求就高了。GIFFTEN 这个人给了另一个物价与产量的关系，说物价上涨未必产量增长的，有Exception。例如，买面包, 面包在18世纪的英国是最便宜的主食，比肉便宜。一般老百姓买不起肉。因为物价上涨，面包虽涨价price of bread goes up但仍是最便宜的主食，people have less money to buy others，那还不如多买点面包they have to buy bread，所以面包的产量也增长了the demand of bread also goes up。同样商品有米rice和土豆potatoes，Price goes up, demands goes up

• 口语机经：2006.10.28/ 2007.1.6美

Task 1

Choose one of the following and explain why you like it most: fictions, magazines and poems. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Task 2

Some students prefer to live alone. Others prefer to live with their roommates. Which do you prefer and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

Task 3

【学校通知】：学校准备将宿舍建到附近社区University is going to have a plan to build up new houses off campus for the better being of students.一来可以节约校园用地，二来增加学生与当地社区的交流They are trying to make more parking and space, also students can spend more time off campus in different communities。

【学生议论】：The woman disagrees with it by giving 2 reasons: 1.more students will drive to school and there will be more requests for parking; 2.students should spend more time on campus, take advantage of the activities in campus instead of doing them off campus.

Task 4

【课文要点】：Attribution Theory（归因理论）：对别人的行为我们解释为性格和品质，对自己的行为我们归咎为当时的情况。People usually account other people different than account for themselves.

【教授举例】：教授自己的例子：他曾去超市买东西，排队，一个男的插队，他就想为什么那人非站他前面，他觉得那个人很自私、粗鲁he was shopping and waiting in the line, a man cut him off, he thought the man was rude and selfish. 但是后来他又去商店买东西，但是这次他要赶着参加一个重要会议，时间很紧，队伍又特别慢，所以他也插队了，但认为自己有赶时间的理由。He had to go an important meeting and he was in a hurry and he was trying to buy things, he cut off a woman who was going to stand in the line. He thought there was nothing wrong with himself. Same situation, he accounted himself different with other people.

Task 5

【学生困难】：女生has to take American Literature to graduate，but it isn't offered next semester in the university in this semester。

【解决方案】：教授给她两个建议：1、Go to City College, where there will be American literature offer next semester，但女生嫌太远。2、Choose other courses which can make her graduate，去听研究生的课程，女生嫌太难。描述女生遇到的难题，教授给的两个建议，你选择哪个，为什么。[2006.10.28/ 2007.1.6北美] 

Task 6

【讲课要点】：艺术对儿童的发展的影响Art can impact children's development in two ways: 

1、儿童可能会用艺术形式来表达复杂的思想help to develop complex emotion，例如：为了表现自己的自豪感develop her sense of pride. a girl can through drawing a picture的形式表现；

2、艺术还会帮助儿童增强毅力help to develop the quality of persistence.，例如：小男孩用泥土做汽车，屡败屡做，failed to make a clay car, however, after several failure, he learned how to persist, the ability can transform to other areas through his hard work.最后成功，在此过程中锻炼了毅力。[2006.10.28]

·         口语机经：2006.4.8/2006.12.15

Task 1

Describe the most efficient transportation in your country. Explain why. Include details and examples in your explanation.

Task 2

Some people think that it is necessary for people to learn to play one type of musical instrument. Others don’t think so. What is your opinion and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.

Task 3

【学校通知】：university radio station 打算expand扩大: reach the out of campus (rural village), not just in the campus；有两个好处，第一，可以提供更多的program；第二，学校可以赚更多的钱，因为listeners增多。

【学生议论】：女生：学校的这个proposal好。第一，学生可以有更多的机会参加实际的操作，获取经验get experience。这样有利于学生以后找工作。第二，学校可赚到更多的钱的话，学生的scholarship会增加。

Task 4

【课文要点】：心理学的概念sublimated Perception，就是说一个东西在你眼前一闪而过，你没意识到你看过它，但是他会影响你的判断。Awareness of stimulus without conscious

【教授举例】：用一个实验来解释这个现象。给两组人很快的看过两幅TV图，一个是angry的男孩把蛋糕扔掉，另外一幅图是一个男孩很开心的吃蛋糕。说两组人都不知道自己看过这样的图，（因为flash了一下就没了）然后给出第三幅图，没表情的男孩和蛋糕，问这两组人对这个男孩的评价。第一组人对小孩评价有negative 的性格personality，另外一组评价这个小孩有positive的性格personality。[behavior 的relationship和生活态度]

Task 5

【学生困难】：女生某篇论文获了个奖，想参加颁奖ceremony/celebration但她那天有哲学考试。时间冲突。

【解决方案】：男生建议：1、考完再去。颁奖ceremony一般不能start on time，前面的introduction都很长，你考试完后去也来得及。女生说她不想错过叫她名字的时候。2、跟教授商量一下改天考试reschedule。女生说还是不行，以前也有学生这样过，然后教授就会提前a couple of days，这样我复习时间就少了。描述女生遇到的难题，男生给的两个建议，你的建议，为什么。

Task 6

【讲课要点】：市场供求关系。一种product的demand可以影响其它product的demand。接着说了两种，一种是可以相互exchange的，完全可以代替的。举了个例子。A 和 B。两种产品的功能基本上是一样的。当A的价格提升的时候别人就会买B，这样就影响了B的demand。另外一种两种product不能单独用的、相互依赖。以CD和CD player为例，当CD的需求大了，CD player的需求也会大。让解释教授是如何用例子来说明这两种类型的product对供求关系的影响

·         口语机经：2006.3.25/2006.12.8

Task 1

Describe a book that you think is interesting. Explain why this book is interesting to you. Include details and examples in your explanation.

Task 2

Some people think that parents should lead their children to watch TV. Others think that the children should choose what they want to watch by themselves. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.

Task 3

【学校通知】：住学校宿舍的人少了20%，因为住宿条件差，学校plans to renovate装修 (update/reconstruct) dorm to attract students to live on campus. 要花大概2年时间。修好过后会吸引off campus的学生入住。

【学生议论】：The woman disagrees about it. Two supporting reasons: construction for 2 years is noisy. affect more students who live on campus. They will move out to avoid it. 噪音大会使更多的学生住在学校外Also, new dormitory will be expensive (the rent would be raised after the dormitory renovated). 翻修后价格会上涨Students prefer to rent apartment outside. Students won’t move back.

Task 4

【课文要点】：介绍outsider artists（边缘艺术家）的特征。这类艺术家都没有受过正规的艺术方面的专门艺术训练have less skill or professional training。而且很孤僻isolated from society。说这种artist like to play their art outside society。他们的作品works of his own与传统的很不一样，比较strange。

【教授举例】：举例：一美国outsider artist。其特点：独居Chicago多年，no friends，没受过正规教育，浪迹街头，经常酗酒。创造了很多paintings and drawings。他的画很奇怪，和传统有很大区别。his creations were private so no one responded to him。举例说他把小孩的照片从很多杂志上剪下来，贴贴贴就贴出一幅画。还说他的画很多、detail很杂，找不到一块不带颜色的地方而且画幅非常的长。最长的作品有8 feet.

Task 5

【学生困难】：男生在教授那里得到一个暑期during summer vacation研究职位research position，但当初没想到自己能有这样一个position,所以没有申请学校的dorm。现在要申请住校内宿舍apply for a dormitory on campus，但是the deadline for housing application is past早过了！没找到房子住。

【解决方案】：女生建议：1、跟父母一起住live with his parents，但要开车来回跑，而且开车两小时but it takes 2 hours to drive from school to home. 浪费时间it wastes time，容易疲劳。2、租校外公寓rent an apartment near school，省下油费，不会太累，it could save time and gas，但是房租很高has to pay the rent.。描述男生遇到的难题，女生给的两个建议，你的建议，为什么。

Task 6

【讲课要点】：Interior design室内设计的two elements：unity和谐和contract反差。An effective design should balance要兼顾 the two elements. Unity就是颜色要搭配合适use similar elements，比如冷色和冷色搭配：dark green沙发配light green墙壁，就是unity的表现，这样让房屋很comfortable又有order，不过if用得太多了too much的话会使设计显得boring。Contract就是颜色反称disrupts or breaks the unity，比如红绿搭配Color will be greener beside red。这样会更突出表现事物stand out。不过差别多了too much让人感到太杂乱

谢谢。。

非常感谢！

感谢楼主！！！！

非常感谢！

准不？

谢谢