求助

Q32:

Press Secretary:  Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.  They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts.  But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors.  So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?

1. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.
2. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.
3. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.
4. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President’s party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.
5. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.

   Answer: B

WHY？

Q40:

For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have their language centers in the right half.  When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way.  Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depends?

1. No part of a person’s brain that is damaged by a stroke ever recovers.
2. Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
3. Strokes tend to impair linguistic capabilities more severely than does any other cause of damage to language centers in the brain.
4. If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.
5. It is impossible to determine which side of the brain contains a person’s language centers if the person has not suffered damage to either side of the brain.

   Answer: D

还有这道也想不明白，一起解决吧。