费费逻辑宝典 36

Snazzy · 发表于 2003-12-17 07:46:00

36. Sometimes when their trainer gives the hand signal for “Do something creative together” two dolphins circle a pool in tandem and then leap through the air simultaneously. On the other occasions, the same signal elicits synchronized backward swims or tail-waving. These behaviors are not simply learned responses to a given stimulus. Rather, dolphins are capable of higher cognitive functions that may include the use of language and forethought.
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Mammals have some resemblance to one another with respect to bodily function and brain structure.
(B) The dolphins often exhibit complex new responses to the hand signal.
(C) The dolphins are given food incentives as part of their training.
(D) Dolphins do not interact with humans the way they interact with one another.
(E) Some of the behaviors mentioned are exhibited by dolphins in their natural habitat

Why is B the answer? Pease help to analyze, thanks.

rabbitbug · 发表于 2003-12-17 15:12:00

原文从:海豚对于同一个手势而作出不同的反应->海豚不仅仅依靠食物的刺激(a given stimulus姑且理解成食物, 也可能不是很恰当,不过无伤大雅!), 而是海豚还具有比较高的语言认知和预先计划的能力. 问题要support, 就是证明有"比较高的语言认知和预先计划的能力"(作者论点)
A: out of scope(原文没有提到整个的mammal)
B: 海豚对于那个同样的手势(the hand signal)又作出新的反应(正好符合原文逻辑)
C: 呵呵, 说得就是原文"不仅仅"那里的内容
D: 海豚跟人相处的方式与海豚之间的不一样: 这种逻辑偏离了原文的.
E: 海豚表演的动作是他们在大自然中的动作: 还是跟language/forethought无关呀.

Snazzy · 发表于 2003-12-18 07:47:00

Thanks, Rabbit, can u tell me the relevance between their reaction to hand signal and the use of language and forethought ?

rabbitbug · 发表于 2003-12-18 14:02:00

嗯...这两者的关系是由作者自己从原文中引申出来的. 因为: 同样的手势->不同的动作反应, 作者认为这其中必有其他的因素(除了食物刺激以外的). 作者在这里说是由the use of language and forethought造成的, 其实如果说是由其他的因素, 比如什么特异功能之类的, 所引起的, 尽管听起来极其荒谬,但是, 这同样符合本文的逻辑. 这就是所谓的傻瓜原则吧: 原文说了什么,就是什么. 这里,文中就是说: 同样的手势->不同的动作反应=>海豚用了language and forethought, 我们就按照这样的逻辑来作就对了.
呵呵,不知道我说清楚了没有.

Snazzy · 发表于 2003-12-19 10:44:00

Hi, Rabbit, u know what? It's very clear. I have been trying to make myself a little bit stupid, but I still can't. It's a lot better than at teh beginning, though. Well, maybe I should go to the supermarket to buy a stupid melon to eat so that I won't think too much next time :-) ... Thanks a lot!

rabbitbug · 发表于 2003-12-19 12:59:00

Actually , you are not stupid. On the contrary, you are quite brilliant. The fact is that we must change to be stupid to meet the requirements of ETS. Free your mind! Trust yourself!

费费逻辑宝典 36

费费逻辑宝典 36

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