大全A10-11

Questions 10-11 are based on the following

As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective.

大全-A-10.
                The author of the passage above bases his conclusion on which of the following?

(A) A circular definition of “disinformation”

(B) An example of the ineffectiveness of lying as a weapon in the propaganda war

(C) An analogy between truth and water

(D) An appeal to the authority of the fire department（C）

(E) An attack on the character of American intelligence agents in Western Europe

为啥会突然出现water? 不懂耶!

大全-A-11.
                The author’s main point is that

(A) although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds

(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth

(C) the temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses

(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe（E）

(E) disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States

我选B, 怎么看的出来disinformation campaigns 对美国政治力没大太作用?

拜托了!

第一题我觉得应该是C.这个人举的例子要搞清楚啥意思。美国散播谣言，这个人认为是不对的，但是有些人(apologists)为此辩护，那这个大哥就说，他们这些apologists，说苏联人造我们的谣，我们也必须造他们的谣，就是要以毒攻毒的意思。这大哥用了“以火攻火”的比喻(one must fight fire with fire).但他否定这种做法，说消防队其实觉得用水治火更有效，这个比喻就是说，fire是lie，truth是water，用water对抗火更有效，即用truth来对抗lie更有效。这个truth和water的类比是全段核心。

第二题我觉得相比较应该还是E好点。首先这个political interests不是政治力，是政治利益，或说国家利益。E整句话的意思简而言之就是“造谣不能有效地维护美国的国家利益”，这正是这为大哥的核心观点，即不赞同使用造谣的手段，认为讲truth更有效。B的话，说是美国的moral standing(道德形象，道德准则这么个意思)是基于说真话，但是题干讨论的是，究竟说真话还是造谣能更好地维护美国的国家利益，所以B有点偏了。