请教LSAT－6－III－3,7

joywzy · 发表于 2003-5-25 23:17:00

Head injury is the most serious type of injury sustained in motorcycle accidents. The average cost to taxpayers for medical care for nonbelmeted motorcycle-accident victims is twice that for their helmeted counterparts. Jurisdictions that have enacted motorcycle-helmet laws have reduced the incidence and severity of accident-related head injuries, thereby reducing the cost to taxpayers. Therefore, to achieve similar cost reductions, other jurisdictions should enact motorcycle-helmet laws. For the same reason jurisdictions should also require helmets for horseback riders, since horseback-riding accidents are even more likely to cause serious head injury than motorcycle accidents are.

7.Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the author's conclusion concerning helmets for horseback riders depend?

(A) Medical care for victims of horseback-riding accidents is financial drain on tax funds.

(B) The higher rate of serious head injury suffered by victims of horseback-riding accidents is due to the difference in size between horses and motorcycles.

(C) The medical costs associated with treating head injuries are higher than those for other types of injury.

(D) Most fatalities resulting from horseback-riding and motorcycle accidents could have been prevented if the victims had been wearing helmets.

(E) When deciding whether to enact helmet laws for motorcyclists and horseback riders, the jurisdiction's primary concerns is the safety of its citizens.

答案：A，但是D是不是也是假设呢？

3. Fire ants from Brazil now infest the southern united States. Unlike queen fire ants in Brazil, two queens in the United States share a nest. Ants from these nests are more aggressive than those from single-queen nests. By destroying virtually all insects in the nest area, these aggressive ants gain sole access to food sources, and the ant population skyrockets. Since certain predator insects in Brazil limit the fire-ant population there, importing such predator insects into the United States would be of overall benefit to the environment by stopping the increase of the fire-ant population in the United States.

Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument EXCEPT:

(A) The imported insects would not prove more damaging to the environment in the United States than are the fire ants themselves.

(B) The predator insects from Brazil could survive in the ecological environment found in the United States.

(C) The especially aggressive fire ants from the two-queen nests would not be able to destroy the Brazilian predator insects.

(D) The predator insects would stop the increase of the ant population before the ants spread to states that are farther north.

(E) The rate of increase of the fire-ant population would not exceed the rate at which the predator insects could kill the ants.

答案：D，我觉得这五个选项都是假设。用取非的办法来判断假设，我总是用不好。比如D，不知该怎么做？或者有什么其它简单的办法来判断吗？

谢谢。

mindfree · 发表于 2003-5-26 00:56:00

1. 需要理解assumption的相关性. 原文其实是一个parallel reasoning. 前面说因为motorcycle helmet可以减轻medical care对纳税人的负担,所以应该通过立法. 后面说对horserider也应该同样立法要求helmet. 这里后面省略的是和前面部分相同的成分, 补充后应该是因为helmet立法可以减轻houserider medical care对taxpayer的负担, 所以应该通过立法. 省略的就是assumption, 也是原文的必要条件, 说明motorcycle和horseriding在helmet上的一致性. 如果没有此assumption, 则两者不可比, 从motorcycle不能推导出horseriding的结论.

D是无关选项. 它在意思上是对的, 但是在此问题中的作用就好比是说"太阳是热的", 和原文的逻辑毫无关系. 原文没有提到fatality, 而是围绕着tax, medical care cost. 所以答案一定要将原文的elements联系在一起.

2. D不是assumption. spread to north不是原文所讨论的, 如果原文说...by stopping the increase of the fire-ant population in the United States and by stopping the ants from spreading to other states in the north, D才可能是答案.

ABCE是典型的assumption, 并且和原文的内容有紧密的联系:

A. 与would be of overall benefit有关
B. 典型的assumption. 原文讲应该做某事, 前提是此事可做
C. 与by stopping the increase of the fire-ant population有关
E. 同上.

cranberry · 发表于 2003-5-26 00:58:00

1,文中用了类比的方法，费用--立法--成效，所以对骑马的，也应该是这个逻辑方式，为了成效需要立法，而没提费用问题，则应该是假设了。另外，文中说可以减少，但D用了MOST就不对了。

2，D提出的信息在文中没有提到，对文中结论的作出没有影响，即使它不能在火蚁蔓延到北部之前控制住，也不能推翻结论。

joywzy · 发表于 2003-5-26 10:58:00

谢谢mindfree,cranberry!!!!

我终于开始理解mindfree常说的out of scope.

我做assumption时,能顺利地排除三个选项,另一个选项表面是对的,但是与原论证无关的,就不能选.这两题都是这样的.

谢谢.

G-CRACKER · 发表于 2004-10-17 22:41:00

以下是引用joywzy在2003-5-25 23:17:00的发言：
Head injury is the most serious type of injury sustained in motorcycle accidents. The average cost to taxpayers for medical care for nonbelmeted motorcycle-accident victims is twice that for their helmeted counterparts. Jurisdictions that have enacted motorcycle-helmet laws have reduced the incidence and severity of accident-related head injuries, thereby reducing the cost to taxpayers. Therefore, to achieve similar cost reductions, other jurisdictions should enact motorcycle-helmet laws. For the same reason jurisdictions should also require helmets for horseback riders, since horseback-riding accidents are even more likely to cause serious head injury than motorcycle accidents are.

7.Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the author's conclusion concerning helmets for horseback riders depend?

(A) Medical care for victims of horseback-riding accidents is financial drain on tax funds.

(B) The higher rate of serious head injury suffered by victims of horseback-riding accidents is due to the difference in size between horses and motorcycles.

(C) The medical costs associated with treating head injuries are higher than those for other types of injury.

(D) Most fatalities resulting from horseback-riding and motorcycle accidents could have been prevented if the victims had been wearing helmets.

(E) When deciding whether to enact helmet laws for motorcyclists and horseback riders, the jurisdiction's primary concerns is the safety of its citizens.

答案：A，但是D是不是也是假设呢？

答案A中的financial drain 是财务负担的意思吗？不太明白。

答案D, 欧觉得与原文意思是相悖的，fatalities 并不只是避免，文中讲Jurisdictions that have enacted motorcycle-helmet laws have reduced the incidence and severity of accident-related head injuries。一个是减少发生（避免）一个是减少事故严重性（减轻）。选项说的太绝对了。

zxppx · 发表于 2013-6-19 15:21:21

7. Head injury is the most serious type of injury sustained in motorcycle accidents. The average cost to taxpayers for medical care for nonhelmeted motorcycle-accident victims is twice that for their helmeted counterparts. Jurisdictions that have enacted motorcycle-helmet laws have reduced the incidence and severity of accident-related head injuries, thereby reducing the cost to taxpayers. Therefore, to achieve similar cost reductions,这么做是为了减少纳税人的负担 other jurisdictions should enact motorcycle-helmet laws. For the same reason jurisdictions should also require helmets for horseback riders, since horseback-riding accidents are even more likely to cause serious head injury than motorcycle accidents are.
Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the author’s conclusion concerning helmets for horseback riders depend?
(A) Medical care for victims of horseback-riding accidents is financial drain on tax funds.
为什么要减少纳税人的负担? 因为税收紧张 (这题是推导原因)
(B) The higher rate of serious head injury suffered by victims of horseback-riding accidents is due to the difference in size between horses and motorcycles.
因为马比摩托车更大,所以才会有更多的头部受伤事件, 所以骑马者也应该有相关的规定.
“取非”, 如果受伤事故和这两者的差异无关,为什么还要让骑马者也佩戴头盔呢? 削弱原文
目的不只是为了减少医疗费用,更主要的是为了减少纳税人的负担
(C) The medical costs associated with treating head injuries are higher than those for other types of injury.
(D) Most fatalities resulting from horseback-riding and motorcycle accidents could have been prevented if the victims had been wearing helmets.
文中讨论的是减少医药费用,而不是减少死亡事故. “取非”,即使戴头盔不能减少死亡事故,但是如果能够减少受伤的程度,也能降低医疗费用, 不能削弱原文（A）
(E) When deciding whether to enact helmet laws for motorcyclists and horseback riders, the jurisdiction’s primary concerns is the safety of its citizens.

请教LSAT－6－III－3,7

请教LSAT－6－III－3,7

所属分类: GMAT考试

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()