下星期考的算吗？唉，正打算用PREP练习记题。。。

明晚上海，　共勉

報名！請tootoo大俠現身說法！我明天一早就要考了！

后天考...

怎么lz不在线的??

够五人了,快点送礼物拉,谢谢!!

不好意思...去吃個飯回來想不到已經滿了...馬上送上禮物~~~

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage.  However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods.  For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain.  Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking.  However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.

1. many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life

2. it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has

3. cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods

4. certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is

5. for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded

是BF，就是說企業的Outsourcing（外包），現在企業不太喜歡外包了因為他們會順帶把自己的一些capabilities也洩漏出去，等等等等。問兩個黑體句的作用，我選的是：都是作者的statement。

GWD的題目.一題說是海龜蛋的污染問題,選海龜要十年才來孵蛋

1.         GWD-30-Q32

A major chemical spill occurred five years ago at Baker’s Beach, the world’s sole nesting ground for Merrick sea turtles, and prevented nearly all the eggs laid that year from hatching.  Yet the number of adult female Merricks returning to lay their eggs at Baker’s Beach has actually increased somewhat since five years ago.  Clearly, environmentalists’ prediction that the world’s Merrick population would decline as a result of the spill has proven unfounded.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument offered in refutation of the environmentalists’ prediction?

1. The chemical spill five years ago occurred at a time when there were neither Merrick sea turtles nor Merrick sea turtle eggs on Baker’s Beach.

2. Female Merrick sea turtles begin returning to Baker’s Beach to lay their eggs when they are ten years old.

3. Under normal conditions, only a small proportion of hatchling female Merrick sea turtles survive in the ocean until adulthood and return to lay their eggs at Baker’s Beach.

4. Environmental pressures unrelated to the chemical spill have caused a significant decline in the population of one of the several species of sea birds that prey on Merrick sea turtle eggs.

5. After the chemical spill, an environmental group rejected a proposal to increase the Merrick sea turtle population by transferring eggs from Baker’s Beach to nearby beaches that had not been affected by the spill.

2.        GWD-17-Q9

Press Secretary:  Our critics claim that the President’s recent highway project cancellations demonstrate a vindictive desire to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.  They offer as evidence the fact that 90 percent of the projects canceled were in such districts.  But all of the canceled projects had been identified as wasteful in a report written by respected nonpartisan auditors.  So the President’s choice was clearly motivated by sound budgetary policy, not partisan politics.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the press secretary’s argument depends?

1. Canceling highway projects was not the only way for the President to punish legislative districts controlled by opposition parties.

2. The scheduled highway projects identified as wasteful in the report were not mostly projects in districts controlled by the President’s party.

3. The number of projects canceled was a significant proportion of all the highway projects that were to be undertaken by the government in the near future.

4. The highway projects canceled in districts controlled by the President’s party were not generally more expensive than the projects canceled in districts controlled by opposition parties.

5. Reports by nonpartisan auditors are not generally regarded by the opposition parties as a source of objective assessments of government projects.

l           一道邏輯題：因果倒置類型。說研究表明經常喝咖啡、茶、碳酸飲料這類東西的人們得某病的機率很大，據此斷言，咖啡因是引發這種病的原因，問assumption。

我選的是，得這種病的人不會因為某種症狀（好像跟睡眠有關，大概是說精神不好）而刻意去喝這些飲品。

變形題.科學研究表明經常喝含咖啡因的飲料並不會使人更容易患上失眠，然而，survey表明有失眠的人比起那些沒失眠的人報怨說是因為他們喝了含咖啡因的飲料而使他們失眠的。問Weaken我的答案：因為那些有失眠的人更傾向于白天喝咖啡好讓他們在白天保持清醒

l           一種方法給食物消毒，會產生一種致癌的物質，所以推薦用另一種同樣可以消毒的方法。

WEAKEN 我選的是另一種方法會產生另一種致癌的物質。（換了方式仍造成同樣結果）

l           只記得一個bold face 得CR,問兩個bf的作用是什麼我就選兩個都是conclusion。

關於牛頓的bf題,

3.        GWD-6-Q16*: Boldface

Historian:  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.  Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques.  It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques（證據一）, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques（證據二）, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false.（Several scholars結論）  A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.（證據）

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

1. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.

2. The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.

3. The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

4. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.

5. The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

1.        GWD-5-Q19: Boldface

Historian:  In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village.  Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.（context）  This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines.  Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax.  This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures.  Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.  Therefore, it is reasonable to think that
                        the reported declines did not happen.

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.

2. The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.

3. The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.

4. The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.

5. The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.

◎關於古代人們用人口普查的人數做為基準來做稅收統計.所以人們為了少交稅,就有可能少報人口.問加強.

我選幾次有稅率提高,接著就是人口普查的人口立即減少.
                            

參考答案whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.

◎有個地方對出租房的收入的稅收.稅率沒有增加,出租的收入也沒有增加.為什麼總額增加了.

我選在這幾年間,出租相對以前大多發生在稅率較高的地方.

◎想起來一題，說某公司改組後，工資水準排除inflation的因素下降了60%，但是根據稅收情況發現員工收入並無實際下降，原因是？

可能是員工加班增加、稅率提高

還有一道什麼鋅口服藥水的weaken題.             

1.         GWD-29-Q27

Though sucking zinc lozenges has been promoted as a treatment for the common cold, research has revealed no consistent effect.  Recently, however, a zinc gel applied nasally has been shown to greatly reduce the duration of colds.  Since the gel contains zinc in the same form and concentration as the lozenges, the greater effectiveness of the gel must be due to the fact that cold viruses tend to concentrate in the nose, not the mouth.

In order to evaluate the argument, it would be most helpful to determine which of the following?

A.        Whether zinc is effective only against colds, or also has an effect on other virally caused diseases

B.         Whether there are remedies that do not contain zinc but that, when taken orally, can reduce the duration of colds

C.         Whether people who frequently catch colds have a zinc deficiency

D.        Whether either the zinc gel or the lozenges contain ingredients that have an impact on the activity of the zinc

E.         Whether the zinc gel has an effect on the severity of cold symptoms, as well as on their duration

Weaken: the zinc gel or the lozenges contain ingredients that have an impact on the activity of the zinc

◎有一道問assumption說銀和銅被用於以前鑄幣,後來人們用的銀少了,但政府卻在表面塗滿銀以魚目混珠.我選挖掘出來的幣不會因為年代久遠而減少表面的銀.（判斷問的是假設題）

◎有一題是gwd的,說一個company 的很多head 要退休了,會怎麼樣之類的,應該能夠找到~

V公司的挺多部門的HEAD要退休了，但有資格升任部門HEAD的人大約占空缺的一半左右。因為V公司既不會從外部聘請請的部門HEAD，也不會讓同一人擔任好幾個部門的HEAD，這樣看來，V公司有部分部門HEAD一職將會空缺無人，SINCE(填空)。

我選了“V公司不會委派資深人士(即比部門HEAD的官還要大的人)來當部門HEAD”（存疑...提供者可能選下一題答案A）

2.        GWD-13-Q7:

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

A significant number of Qualitex Corporation’s department heads are due to retire this year.  The number of employees other than current department heads who could take on the position of department head is equal to only about half of the expected vacancies.  Oualitex is not going to hire department heads from outside the company（前提一） or have current department heads take over more than one department（前提二）, so some departments will be without department heads next year unless Qualitex ______.

1. promotes some current department heads to higher-level managerial positions(已含在題幹考慮...故無關)

2. raises the salary for department heads

3. reduces the number of new employees it hires next year

4. reduces the average number of employees per department

5. reduces the number of its departments（前提三）

[版本1]department head. a lot of department heads would retire while the number of qualified person for new head is only half of the posts, which results in the shortage of heads. Many departments of the company will have no head for the company。Assumption：
I choose "will not change the policy for recruit new head"（前提四）
干擾選項：E:公司不會因為其他的原因推遲退休計畫

由以上看出總共四種假設…..ETS無所遁形…

◎某種病的疫苗,在實驗是否會導致感染此病.在猴子身上試,未成年的注射後,6個月後會生病.成年的不會.由於猴子和人的感染和傳染方式一樣,所以可以推出,成年人用這個疫苗是安全的.問WEAKEN

A.感染這種病的在發病之前不傳染別人.

B.這種病在沒發病前沒有明顯的現象.

C.這個病如果不是因為疫苗注射而是普通自己發展出來的話,也是(也可能是不是,記不清楚了)同樣6個月的發病時間.

應該是選錯誤類比的答案~~~像老鼠能忍受多少煤氣那題….不能套用到人身上

更新

◎政府為了減少overfish, introduce a quota，但是這種方法不行，因為人們會只要價值高的魚，不值錢的扔回去。

◎說有個吊橋，由於拉起來好讓船通過(因為它太低了，不拉起來船可能過不去)，這樣老拉老拉的，可能橋上的汽車們的交通就很差。有個傢伙說啦，準備造個更高的吊橋，這樣的話就省了拉了，汽車們過起來就比較爽了。問下面哪一個最能WEAKEN這個ARGUMENT。

其中有個選項是說，橋墩加寬、橋面加高後，以前無法通過舊橋墩的大船們可能也會趕來湊熱鬧

類似題:

The ctiy currently has a bridge which has to raise and open to let the boat pass through. And, the city is planing to construct a new brige which is higher than the current. Since the new bridge will not open and raise as often as before, it will reduce the traffic time. Weaken this proposal will not work

my answer is that "some boats are too wide to the poles of current bridge". my logic reasoing is that the propasl only raises the bridge hieight but not make it wide. The new brige will have the same problem as current one.

變型題參考

㊣以港口準備新建一吊橋還是拉索橋之類的，因為現在的這個，太窄，為了讓更寬的船能利用港口的深水碼頭，要新建的橋的橋洞寬度增加（WIDER SPAN），問以下哪個證明新的橋不能解決擁擠的問題。就選了個A，說當船通過新橋時，仍然要先發出信號，然後等一小時等橋張開。其他選項有說是現在很多重量級的船不能停靠，因為現在的橋太窄了，明顯是加強地說。

㊣有一座吊橋，
   有船過的時候升起來，現在為瞭解決交通問題，打算重建一座新的大橋，能讓給多的車輛通行，這作新的大橋的跨度很大，有橋墩支撐的拱橋高度足夠絕大多數的船隻通行。問這個計畫不可能實現的原因。
答：絕大多數船隻的寬度大於橋墩之間的寬度。

你真强！！