97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory. If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT: (A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory (B) Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory. (C) For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory. (D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory. (E) Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements. 题意大概： 一个理论，必须要元素少，并且必须能够预测未来，就是好理论 Aristotle’s cosmological theory，满足了前面的条件，但是没有满足后面的条件，所以不是好理论 题目问的是以下选项肯定成立，除了哪个之外？答案为B B是肯定不对，应该是答案，这点毫无疑问 但是A也不一定成立：对未来进行预测的不一定都是由good scientific theory提出的，可能某个理论不能满足元素少的条件，但是也进行也预测，不是好理论，就是一个反例。
我们可以把A选项A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory改成主动语态，就是any good scientific theory must make Prediction about the results of future observations.这样就会发现句子是在强调“any”，任何，还是再说good scientific theory的必要条件。
Prediction about the results of future 是scientific theory 的必要条件 而原文里对scientific theory 又作出了很详细的定义，也完全符合上面的这个必要条件 所以a就是对的咯 上次看的时候不知道怎么回事状态不好，呵呵，都没看出个答案来
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发表于 2003-12-2 22:08:00
