1月CR机经 -GWD-7-20/-3-25/24-40

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.  However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument.
2. The first is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that position.
3. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support of that explanation.
4. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.
5. The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge that explanation.

   Answer: C/D ?

注意3－25的划线部分跟其余两个不一样啊，呵呵

三个答案应该都是对的

1.        T-9-Q25.
                 科学家在总是40岁以前出成绩的原因 prep有出到一摸一样的填空题

Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs. Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientists’ entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

1. The first is the position that the argument as a whole depends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that evidence.

2. The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.

3. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.

4. The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.

5. The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation.

1.        GWD-17-Q39 科学家在已有领域超过15年经验到40岁后就就会耗尽他们的创新机会，

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity.  An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field.  Supporting this explanation is the finding that ______.

1. the average age of recipients of scientific research grants is significantly greater than forty

2. a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common

3. many scientists temper their own expectations of what they can achieve in their research work by their belief that their creativity will decline as they age

4. scientists who are older than forty tend to find more satisfaction in other activities, such as teaching and mentoring, than they do in pursuing their own research

5. there is a similar diminution of creativity with age in nonscientific fields, such as poetry and musical composition