有两个逻辑题。

4. The price the government pays for standard weapons purchased from military contractors is determined by a pricing method called ＂historical costing＂Historical costing allows contractors to protect their profits by adding a percentage increase，based on the current rate of inflation，to the previous year’s contractual price．

Which of the following statements，if true，is the best basis for a criticism of historical costing as an economically sound pricing method for military contracts?(A)

(A)  The government might continue to pay for past inefficient use of funds．

(B)  The rate of inflation has varied considerably over the past twenty years．

(C)  The contractual price w-II be greatly affected by the cost of materials used for the  products．

(D)  Many taxpayers question the amount of money the government spends on military contracts．

(E)  The pricing method based on historical costing might not encourage the development of innovative weapons．

PS:这题是不知道为什么选这个答案。

44. Laws requiring the use of headlights during daylight hours can prevent automobile collisions．However, since daylight visibility is worse in countries farther from the equator, any such laws would obviously be more effective in preventing collisions in those countries．In fact，the only countries that actually have such laws are farther from the equator than is the continental United States．

Which of the following conclusions could be most properly drawn from the information given above?(E)

(A)  Drivers in the continental United States who used their headlights during the day would be just as likely to become involved in a collision as would drivers who did not use their headlights．

(B)  In many countries that are farther from the equator than is the continental United States poor daylight visibility is the single most important factor in automobile collisions．

(C)  The proportion of automobile collisions that occur in the daytime is greater in the continental United States than in the countries that have daytime headlight laws．

(D)  Fewer automobile collisions probably occur each year in countries that have daytime headlight laws than occur within the continental United States．

(E)  Daytime headlight laws would probably do less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United States than they do in the countries that have the laws.

PS:这题是不知道这句话什么意思（In fact，the only countries that actually have such laws are farther from the equator than is the continental United States．）

谁能帮我解答一下，谢谢了啊！

4，给military 拨款的方法是Historical costing 。 

 说大意吧，Historical costing 也就是：今年的钱= 在去年的基础上加上一定的钱 （大意）

weaken：去年可能就for  inefficient use of funds

44，事实上，那些真正有这种法律的国家离赤道的距离，比美国（离赤道的距离）远得多。

那能解释一下这两题的答案是如何推理出来的吗?谢谢!

4. weaken对象：historical costing 是一种好方法
    

原文： historical costing  = 去年的拨款 + 一定的钱

如果去年的拨款有问题存在，如A所说，那么historical costing 也一定有问题了。

44. Laws requiring the use of headlights during daylight hours can prevent automobile collisions．However, since daylight visibility is worse in countries farther from the equator, any such laws would obviously be more effective in preventing collisions in those countries．In fact，the only countries that actually have such laws are farther from the equator than is the continental United States．

infer题

原文：1. 离赤道越远，白天开灯这种规定越有效（的减少collisions）

      2. 有这些规定的国家离赤道都比us远

推出-->Daytime headlight laws would probably do less to prevent automobile collisions in the continental United States than they do in the countries that have the laws. 在us不如在其他那些国家效果好