求助三个逻辑问题

都是假设方面的:

3. Some people assert that prosecutors should be allowed to introduce illegally obtained evidence in criminal trials if the judge and jury can be persuaded that the asserting officer was not aware of violating or did not intend to violate the law while seizing the evidence. This proposed “good-faith exception” would weaken everyone’s constitutional protection, lead to less careful police practices, and promote lying by law enforcement officer in court.

The argument above for maintaining the prohibition against illegally obtained evidence assumes that

a.      defendants in criminal cases should enjoy greater protection from the law than other citizens do.

b.     Law enforcement authorities need to pursue criminals assiduously.

c.     The legal system will usually find ways to ensure that real crimes do not go unprosecuted.

d.     The prohibition now deters some unlawful searches and seizures.

e.      Courts should consider the motives of law enforcement officers in deciding whether evidence brought forward by the officers is admissible in a trial.

12. No botanist lives long enough to study the complete life cycle of an individual California redwood tree. Nevertheless,by observing many trees at different stages,botanies can piece together the evolution of a single tree. Exactly the same principle applies in astronomy to the study of the life-story of globular clusters, huge spherical aggressions of about a million stars all swarming about each other.

Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?

a.      the methods of scientists in one field generally carry over to other fields even if the subject matter is vastly different.

b.     Observations of the life cycle of a single individual have little value in scientific studies.

c.     Globular clusters at different stages of development are accessible to astronomers for observation and study.

d.     There are globular clusters that have not so far been detected by astronomers.

e.      Redwood and globular clusters must both be studied intensively now, while they still exist in sufficient numbers.

13. In any negotiations between a party with limited aims and an opposing party with unlimited aims, the party with limited aims is bound to lose. This is so because the scope of a negotiating party’s aims determines the energy and the perseverance that will be brought to the negotiations by that party. Which of the following is an assumption implicit in the passage above?

a.      the intensity with which parties conduct negotiations affects the outcome of those negotiations.

b.     Negotiations almost always pit against one another parties whose aims differ in scope.

c.      The outcome of negotiation cannot be correctly predicated in advance.

d.     A negotiator who has exceptionally high aims needs exceptional perseverance in order to avoid losing.

e.      Negotiating parties are typically not aware of the scope of each other’s aims until the outcome is no longer in doubt

正确答案是CA

但是我仍然很不明白:3题如何解释这个正确答案?

12题中的A为什么不能作为正解 

13题中BD看起来好象也很正确啊?

那对于第三题你是怎么理解的

真是因为prohibition能够减少unlawful searches和seizures， 没有这个prohibition才有可能带来“weaken everyone’s constitutional protection, lead to less careful police practices”这些后果。如果prohibiton与unlawful searches和seizures无关，那么无prohibition就没有这些后果。

这题的逻辑思路是这样的：题目的结论说非A导致B。正确选项是，A导致C，C属于B。

刚刚12题题干少打了一句话,你可以再看看题干

那就明白了！

这一题是一个类比题，类比成立的条件就是事物的内在性质一样。

那个树有两个性质：一个就是没有人能活得足够长去研究树一生生长的情况；第二个就是能够通过研究不同阶段的该树来研究其树的一生的生长情况。

类比对象是宇宙里面某种东东。显然尝试告诉我们性质一是符合的。正确选项C告诉我们性质2也是符合的。