[求助]大全-19-9,大全-19-11

tina_aya · 发表于 2004-5-31 20:27:00

Walter: A copy of an artwork should be worth exactly what the original is worth if the two works are visually indistinguishable. After all, if the two works are visually indistinguishable, they have all the same qualities, and if they have all the same qualities, their prices should be equal.

Marissa: How little you understand art! Even if someone could make a perfect copy that is visually indistinguishable from the original, the copy would have a different history and hence not have all the same qualities as the original.

9. Marissa uses which of the following techniques in attempting to refute Walter’s argument?

(A) Attacking his assumption that the price of an artwork indicates its worth

(B) Raising a point that would undermine one of the claims on which his conclusion is based

(C) Questioning his claim that a perfect copy of a work of art would be visually indistinguishable from the original

(D) Giving reason to believe that Walter is unable to judge the quality of a work of art because of his inadequate understanding of the history of art（B）

(E) Proposing alternative criteria for determining whether two works of art are visually indistinguishable

答案b可以解释一下e选项的错吗,谢谢

11. Naturally occurring chemicals cannot be newly patented once their structures have been published. Before a naturally occurring chemical compound can be used as a drug, however, it must be put through the same rigorous testing program as any synthetic compound, culminating in a published report detailing the chemical’s structure and observed effects.

If the statements above are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

(A) Any naturally occurring chemical can be reproduced synthetically once its structure is known.

(B) Synthetically produced chemical compounds cannot be patented unless their chemical structures are made public.

(C) If proven no less effective, naturally occurring chemicals are to be preferred to synthetic compounds for use in drugs.

(D) Once a naturally occurring compound has been approved for use as a drug, it can no longer be newly patented.（D）

(E) A naturally occurring chemical cannot be patented unless its effectiveness as a drug has been rigorously established.

答案d可以帮我解释一下文章再说什么,还有选项a,c,d,e,谢谢

scots · 发表于 2004-5-31 23:08:00

我试试~~~

Walter: A copy of an artwork should be worth exactly what the original is worth if the two works are visually indistinguishable. After all, if the two works are visually indistinguishable, they have all the same qualities, and if they have all the same qualities, their prices should be equal.

Marissa: How little you understand art! Even if someone could make a perfect copy that is visually indistinguishable from the original, the copy would have a different history and hence not have all the same qualities as the original.

9. Marissa uses which of the following techniques in attempting to refute Walter’s argument?

(B) Raising a point that would undermine one of the claims on which his conclusion is based

(E) Proposing alternative criteria for determining whether two works of art are visually indistinguishable

答案b可以解释一下e选项的错吗,谢谢

W讲的是两个作品只要visually indistinguishable—have all the same qualities—价值相同了，而M的意思是即使两个东西visually indistinguishable，但是因为它们have a different history —not have all the same qualities。。

也就是M在反驳W的时候，抓住了其推导链条上的前一环“visually indistinguishable—have all the same qualities”，通过加入其他决定quality的原因"different history"来削弱其结论。因而B正确。E不对是因为M并没有提出对"visually indistinguishable"的新标准，而是提出了"have same qualities"的新标准。。RIGHT？？？

Naturally occurring chemicals cannot be newly patented once their structures have been published. Before a naturally occurring chemical compound can be used as a drug, however, it must be put through the same rigorous testing program as any synthetic compound, culminating in a published report detailing the chemical’s structure and observed effects.

自然产生的化学品一旦其结构被公布，则不能以新的方式授予专利；在一种自然产生的化学品混合物被当成药物使用之前，它必须必须通过跟合成混合物一样的严格检验，最终才公布其化学结构的详细内容和被发现的效果。。

先看后一句的信息，再结合第一句的内容，很容易发现D是对的，一但一种自然形成的化学混合物被证明是药，它的化学结构一定是被公布了的，而一但公布化学结构，就不能以授予新专利了。。ABC都是无关选项了。。只有E有点绕。。“一种自然形成的化学品不能被授予新的专利，除非它的作为药的效果被严格检验”。。显然这于文中能形成的推导正好相反。。

希望偶解释清楚咧！！！！

tina_aya · 发表于 2004-6-1 22:25:00

very clear...thank you

quiny · 发表于 2005-7-18 15:41:00

rosebudxiaojie · 发表于 2005-8-15 17:39:00

凡是这种“不能...除非...”的题，建议大家都想成“能...如果....”

greenbow43 · 发表于 2006-6-16 05:23:00

still get confused about E

hawkinsxie · 发表于 2006-6-16 08:50:00

B indicates the fallacy of "gratuitous assumption".

E reasons a "causal oversimplification" logical flaw.

Since the arguer reaches the conclusion based soly on his own assumption but on a causal fact, B is the best answer.

[求助]大全-19-9,大全-19-11

[求助]大全-19-9,大全-19-11

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