狒狒101+103 一个答案和解释 谢谢！

狒狒101题选什么呢 我的那版没有答案 不知XDJM们有没有  告我下：）

101Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.

Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist, Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.

另外，请教下103，C看了半天也不知为什么对 解释挺悬的：是EXCEPT题，说其余选项无法判断 不懂啊 呵呵

103

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.

If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

(A) People who lack a genetic susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia

(B) Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder

(C) The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder

(D) It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone

(E) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the development of brain cells

选C 我错了

谢谢大家多多讨论  

101：B

103:  D

能简单讲解一下吗 呵呵

101

a general principle 就是new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect

另外A说 Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist，真正的psychologis是...什么什么...

无非就是说 Dr. Ladlow 的理论与这个“什么什么”不符合

所以选B

A攻击性格，不会吧，这答案太离奇了，就算有这答案也不会选，ETS不会允许这种事情发生的

C什么隐晦的条件，比较莫名，A的话里头没有什么是说Dr. Ladlow 的理论存在的条件有问题，相反他是觉得他现在虽是对的，但不会是完全正确的，因为事物是发展的，新证据会出来，证明其现在的证明的对的一塌糊涂的观点是错的。

D怀疑事实，没有发生，无关

E拒绝承认该理论的解释－－－没有拒绝，他只是说以后会有新的东西出来证明其错误，但对现在的缜密的conclusion的过程即解释提出其不对。这个选项和C有点雷同

103

是基于一大段话这么一个事实，下列一定是错的是什么

A:缺少这个破病的遗传的东西就不会得病，文章没说，只说同卵双生的事情，同卵双生是遗传的，至于是不是全部人都是遗传，没提到，不好讲

B：药物能控制，也没说，没准儿大概能控制

C：正常人身上发现有该破病的特征，文章只说了同卵双生的两个人的比较，没提到

D：基于上述一段事实，可以最终得出一个结论，“仅从遗传信息即可断定是否会患病”－－有问题的，文章说是同卵双生的大脑是相同的遗传，且在两个都患病的大脑之间看不出区别，。即都正常和都不正常都是看上去一样的。可以看出单从遗传信息是不能决定，是否患病的。因为“两个都患病的大脑之间看不出区别”

E：大脑的得病不正常是由于什么细菌感染而破坏了脑细胞的结果，好像没提到，有可能。因为schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain

所以D最佳

谢谢gonghao的解答

纠正和继续发问：

103When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin.这句话的意思是说：当双胞胎中一个得了病，这个患病的孩子的大脑某部位要比没得病的孩子的小。是这意思吧，文章又说，要是两个都没患病，大脑没区别。

通过这个怎么可以推出得病不只是因为基因引起的呢？

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical.双胞胎的大脑遗传是一致的。但是文章又说有一种情况，一个得病一个不得病。那么如果说遗传能决定是否患病的话，那么根据一致性原则，要么都得病，要么都不得病。是不是这样？但是事实是有一个得病另一个不得病的情况，显然，单凭基因是不足以解释的。

另外，我看文章的时候，看花眼了。No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic是两个都不得病没有区别。我看成两个都得病了。在这里认错了。

但是根据文章第一句话，还是能得出“都正常和都不正常都是看上去一样的”，damage to the physical structure of the brain中的damage不是遗传造成的。