请教og-3中的两个细节

og3
第7行 While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing中form new businesses指开办公司 还是指发展新业务？
第17行
Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies
中 and toward supporting中怎么觉得加了and读得不怎么顺畅？

谢谢

1.开公司  

2. moving away from... and toward...

= moving away from... and moving toward...

也就是从什么地方离开，而向什么地方而去

：）

Passage 3

Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the

1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA)

began making federally guaranteed loans and govern-

ment-sponsored management and technical assistance

(5) available to minority business enterprises. While this

program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to

form new businesses, the results were disappointing,

since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations,

and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15

(10) years after the program was implemented, minority

business receipts were not quite two percent of the national

economy’s total receipts.

Recently federal policymakers have adopted an

approach intended to accelerate development of the

(15) minority business sector by moving away from directly

aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting

larger, growth-oriented minority firms through interme-

diary companies. In this approach, large corporations

participate in the development of successful and stable

(20) minority businesses by making use of government-

sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a

participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise

Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The

MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority

(25) businesses that have potential to become future suppliers

or customers of the sponsoring company.

MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing

established firms with easier access to relevant manage-

ment techniques and more job-specific experience, as

(30) well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms

a greater opportunity to develop sound business founda-

tions than does simply making general management

experience and small amounts of capital available.

Further, since potential markets for the minority busi-

(35) nesses already exist through the sponsoring companies,

the minority businesses face considerably less risk in

terms of location and market fluctuation. Following

early financial and operating problems, sponsoring

corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above

(40) the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate

sufficient income and to sustain the quality of manage-

ment needed. MESBIC’c are now emerging as increas-

ingly important financing sources for minority enter-

prises.

(45) Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of

Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach

investments in minority firms more pragmatically than

do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior

managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter

(50) often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsi-

bility approach” and thus seem to prefer deals that are

riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria

would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have pro-

duced uneasiness among many minority staff members,

(55) who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses

should be judged by established business considerations.

These staff members believe their point of view is closer

to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are

concerned that, unless a more prudent course is fol-

lowed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely

to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA

approach.

最后一句和整个文章的意思好像有点矛盾，特别是以上划了颜色的这部分，到底是说MESBIC好还是不好呀？请nn们指点迷津，谢谢！

最后一段说明,事实上作者对MESBIC是positive, but negative, Ironically即是negative的表示。 作者肯定一般MESBIC中的staff的专业，一般的director反而是缺乏经验且常常贷错对象。

您划了颜色的这部分是说如果不解决以上这种问题，MESBIC也有可能重蹈SBA的覆辙。只是拙见,大家再讨论吧!

同意楼上的观点，但不影响理解

同意是Staff和Director的观点出现了分歧导致MESBIC的disappoint.但是：

我不认为director, who are usually senior manager是缺少经验

另外，我个人的观点是作者并没有在文中表现出倾向于哪方。当然，行文感觉是倾向同意staff的观点，但是语气很客观