OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D22

Pistachio_lin · 发表于 2022-3-29 07:25:33

Hi 大家好, 閱讀打卡訓練第22天

<舊題複習> 打卡訓練D17的內容

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1387482-1-1.html

<This passage is excerpted from material published in 1997.>
Scientists have been puzzled by the seeming disparity between models of global warming based on greenhouse gas emissions and actual climatological data. In short, the world is not warming up as much as these models have predicted. In the early 1990s, Pat Michaels sought to explain this disparity, suggesting that sulfate emissions in industrial areas had a cooling effect, thus temporarily retarding global warming. Michaels later came to doubt this idea, however, pointing out that since most sulfate is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere, its cooling influence should be largely limited to that hemisphere. Yet, since 1987, warming in the Southern Hemisphere, which had been relatively intense, has virtually ceased, while warming in the north has accelerated. Thus, Michaels not only doubted the idea of sulfate cooling, but came to feel that global warming models themselves may be flawed.

Ben Santer disagrees. Santer contends that, in general, global warming occurs more slowly in the south because this hemisphere is dominated by oceans, which warm more slowly than the landmasses that dominate the Northern Hemisphere. But, according to Santer, the situation remains complicated by sulfate cooling, which peaked in the north in the mid-twentieth century. It drastically slowed warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and warming in the Southern Hemisphere raced ahead. Since 1987, Santer argues, the greenhouse effect has reasserted itself, and the north has taken the lead. Thus, Santer disputes Michaels's claim that model predictions and observed data differ fundamentally.

主架構- A <problem statement/phenomenon description>

Disparity between modles of global warming based on greenhouse gas emissions and actual climatological data.
<Scientists have been puzzled by the seeming disparity between models of global warming based on greenhouse gas emissions and actual climatological data>

- A-1 <explanation of disparity>
- Disparity = not warming up as these models have predicted.
- - A-1-1 explanation of possible root cause of a phenomenon
  - the models themselves may be flawed.
    <Thus, Michaels not only doubted the idea of sulfate cooling, but came to feel that global warming models themselves may be flawed.> - conclustion of A-1-1
    -----------------reasoning-------------------
    <Sulfate emission in industrial has a cooling effect thus temporarily retarding global warming> - potential answer
    < Michaels later came to doubt this idea, however, pointing out that since most sulfate is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere, its cooling influence should be largely limited to that hemisphere.> - hypothesis
    <Yet, since 1987, warming in the Southern Hemisphere, which had been relatively intense, has virtually ceased, while warming in the north has accelerated.> Evidence
  - A-1-2 explanation of possible root cause of a phenomenon
  - The models themselves may not be flawed.
    <Thus, Santer disputes Michaels's claim that model predictions and observed data differ fundamentally.>
    -----------------reasoning-------------------
    < Ben Santer disagrees.>
    < It drastically slowed warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and warming in the Southern Hemisphere raced ahead.> - why sulfate cooling effect plays a role in the disparity.
    <Since 1987, Santer argues, the greenhouse effect has reasserted itself, and the north has taken the lead.> - the root cause between

1. The passage suggests that, in the early 1990s, Michaels would have been most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the disparity mentioned in lines 3-4?

This disparity is only a short-term phenomenon brought about by sulfate cooling <potential answer>

2. According to the passage, Santer asserts which of the following about global warming?

Until the late 1980s, it was moderated in the Northern Hemisphere by the effect of sulfate cooling <why sulfate cooling effect plays a role>

3. The passage suggests that Santer and Michaels would be most likely to DISAGREE over which of the following issues?

Whether climatological data invalidates global warming models <A-1-1 versus A-1-2>

以上小小分析，還希望有想法的大大們可以分享意見。謝謝。

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