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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Attention versus Distraction: The Interactive Effect of Program Involvement and Attentional Devices on Commercial Processing
Kenneth R. Lord and Robert E. Burnkrant
Journal of Advertising
Vol. 22, No. 1 (Mar., 1993), pp. 47-60
Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4188870
Page Count: 14
Viewer processing of television commercials is influenced by an affective triad of viewer involvement; that is, involvement in a particular program interacts with both the viewer's involvement in the advertising message and with the ad's inherent attention-engaging capacity. Two experiments were conducted to test hypotheses relevant to this theory; the results support the assertion that both program involvement and dramatic attentional devices used in television advertisements, based on their interaction with one another and with viewers' processing motivation, have the capacity to enhance or hinder the generation of viewer thoughts relevant to ad messages. Building on prior studies, this research reveals some of the cognitive processes underlying program involvement as well as demonstrating the interactive nature of that construct in terms of message and audience characteristics.
Program Involvement Literature
第四篇,因为时间紧,所以看得没那么仔细,乍一看不知所云,我现在也回忆不出它的主题叫什么。但大致行文思路是,呈现了三个观点,作者对此没有评价。第一个观点,program involvement低了,才会有高的commercial recall。细节是有提到人们对在脱口秀间隙和电影院natural break?间隙插播广告的感受不一样。第二个观点,p i 高了,c c才会高,正相关。第三个观点,是有第三个人做了个补充研究,说明了为什么会出现第一个观点里所谈到的某个现象。
Empirical findings regarding the effect of viewer involvement in television programming are varied. It has been argued by some that a high level of program involvement should inhibit viewer processing of commercial messages. This conclusion is based primarily on a finding, generally consistent among the cited studies, that viewers demonstrated better recall for and learning of commercial message content when program involvement was low than when it was high. For example, Bryant and Comisky (1978) found recall highest for a Hamm's beer commercial when it interrupted a minimally involving non-program control stimulus (a moving wave pattern), with recall decreasing somewhat for moderately involving positions in "Banacek," an action-adventure show, and falling substantially at the point of climax for the same program. An alternative view (Krugman 1983) is that commercials increase in their persuasive impact as the level of interest in the program goes up. Krugman's conclusion stems from a finding of less positive viewer attitudes toward a commercial sponsor when advertisements appeared in a "natural break" in a program (operationalized as Barbara Walters and variety segments, assumed to be low in involvement) than when they were aired in an "interrupted context" ("G.E. Theater' and documentaries, assumed to be high in involvement).
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