请教两道逻辑题

请教两道逻辑题，不胜感激：

新东方补充教材62

meteorologists say that if only they could design an accurate mathematical model of the atmosphere with all its complexeities, they could forecast the weather with real precision. But this is an idle boast, immune to any evaluation, for any inadequate weather forecast would obviously be blamed on imperfections in the model.

which of the following, if true, could best be used as a basis for arguing against the author's position that the meteorologists' claim cannot be evaluated?

a.certain unusual configurations of data can serve as the basis for precise weather forecasts even though the exact causal mechanisms are not understood.

b.most significant gains in the accuracy of teh relevant mathematical models are accompanied by clear gains in the precision of weather forecasts.

c.mathematical models of the meteorological aftermath of such catastrophic events as volcanic eruptions are beginning to be constructed.

d.modern weather forecasts for as much as a full day ahead are broadly correct about 80 percent of the time.

e.meteorologists readily concede that the accurate mathematical model they are talking about is not now in their power to construct.

答案e，题意是气象学家说只要有准确的模型，他们就可以精确的预测模型。文中反驳说，吹牛，你预测的不准确都可以赖人家模型。然后问基础，中间缺少的桥梁就是这个模型啦，如果准确的模型能够作出，文中反驳用的evaluation就可以实现了啊～所以基础必然是模型无法准确做出～

OG 205

consumer advocate: it is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service than lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence. However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers' legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and if no longer required to specify fee arrangements, many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees.

in the consumer advocate's argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles ?

a.the first is a genetalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that genetalizations.

b.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold

c.the first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.

d.the first is evidence that the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.

e.the first acknowledges a consideratrion that weighs against the main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.