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njit2007 · 发表于 2010-1-31 11:40:07

1.The interstitial nucleus, a sub-region of the brain’s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X,

a disease affecting no more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. T

hus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

B. Many male cats that contract disease X also contract disease Z, the cause of which is unknown.

C. the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.

D. Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats that did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.

The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.

这一题为什么选E啊，A为什么不可以

既然人家说得病的Male Cat和Female Cate的nucleus一样大，比正常的Male Cate的大

从而说病和Nucleu的大小有关

那么假如Female Cat没有发生这种病，而且她的Nucles大小和得病的Male Cat一样大

那不就推翻了原来的论点了吗？

prayer · 发表于 2010-1-31 12:36:58

你被误导了，正常情况下，male和femail cats的那个东东大小不一样，F的大，非正常情况下，得病的M比没得病的M的那个大，但是这里与F的无关，F大是正常的。因此F不得X病与题目无关，可以是X病只与M有关，与M的那个东东有关。

E说那个东西与Y病没有联系，x只是y的一个子类型，Y>x，所以那东东与X无关。正确

Bensontuo · 发表于 2019-4-13 05:42:24

我來解釋一下這題

Premise 1: the interstitial nucleus, a sub region of the brain's hypothalamus is typically smaller for male cat than for female cate

Premise 2: Rarely does the disease x will affect more than 0.05 percent of male cat, and for those male cat have the disease x, their interstitial nuclei are was large as those in female cats.

Conclusion: the size of interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contracts with disease X.

來, 我們來簡化資訊

1. 公貓的下丘腦基本上比母貓小
2. 染病的公貓之下丘腦跟姆貓一樣大
3. 所以我們知道下丘腦的大小決定公貓是否染病

選項：

A. 題目的主要思考路徑不是母貓有沒有染病, 其下丘腦的大小跟染病沒有關係, 因其下丘腦本比公貓還大。
b. 染上Ｘ病的公貓也染上Ｚ病, 同時互相因果關係不明確 - 這只能代表了下丘腦的大小跟Ｘ, z病有關, 但是並不代表, 下丘腦的大小跟x並必定無關。
c. 這個選項會變成加強問題的argument, 等於你再給另外一個例子加強印證此推理
d. 不覺得有人會被此選項迷惑, 所以不解釋

E. 正確答案, 下丘腦跟Y病並沒有直接的因果相互關係, 而Ｘ病是Ｙ病裡面的一種亞型。

Ｘ病不一定等於Ｙ病, 但是Ｙ病一定等於Ｘ病, 舉一個例子, 籃球員一定是運動員, 但是運動員不一定是籃球員, 那如果長高跟運動沒有直接的因果關係, 那長高跟打籃球必定沒有直接的因果關係。

題目為削弱

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