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Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery. Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
A.Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.
B.Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.
C.Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.
D.The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.
E.The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.
E选项。
一开始的想法：如果病人的条件在动手术前一样，说明手术结果的差异是由其他原因导致，有点类似排除他因，加强结论。即，同样的东西经过一个过程出现了不一样的结果，应该是过程出了问题。因此我认为是加强。
后来分析发现：我是对于手术结果做了一个强制假设，认为只要经过手术，手术结果一定是要么成功，要么失败，而且不成功不是手术本身概率的问题，在这种情况下是手术执行的问题。
但是，commonsense告诉我们手术并不是百分百成功，也就是说这道题的手术结果出现问题并不一定就是医生的问题，可能就是因为手术的失败概率问题。
那么，提问，什么时候commonsense可以作为一个已存在的假设来解答？
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发表于 2019-3-1 14:18:17
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