CR总结日记

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-29 13:21:33

~~
最重要的是！忽略无关信息！！！
比如：CD，C往前走了一步，虽然你觉得逻辑没有问题，但就是无关信息；而D就是完完全全按照文章里讲的题目讲了什么信息他就用什么信息看完答案
（把自己当傻子去读没有个人看法他告诉你1就是1不要乱想哈哈哈哈哈）

关于无关选项

The Earth has many properties in common with the Moon. For example, each of them belongs to the solar system,is nonluminous, and has rotation and revolution. However, although the Earth exists life, the Moon does not exist life.

(A) The Moon’s environment being tough, there can be no biological existence.
(B) The Moon’s temperature is quite different from the Earth’s

看了 CD有感：推理的本质！从前提到结论的过程。即推理强调的是前提和结论的逻辑关系。不关注他们本身正确，而是关注前提推结论这种推理方式是否正确。

此题是通过类比地球和月来推出结论。削弱我们不需要关注月球究竟是否有生物，而是能不能将地球作为月的类比对象来推出月的特点有生物

A无关项，仅月的特点说它有生物不正确，没有指出和地球的不同，无法削弱这种类比推理的关系。

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-30 10:29:52

题外话：曼哈顿论坛可以参考，但曼哈顿只能作为参考而已 7,8小时看3小时托福，但考前半个月隔离~

正题：单词长难句逻辑主线
穿珍珠处理英文。active reading！一边读一边组织逻辑！！看珍珠还要把句子和句子联系起来。作者上下句的关系？支持？还是反驳关系。读完一句要想和上句关系，一边读要想才能留在脑子里面。

因为2所以1，支持因为3所以1 ，2,3是分论点！

萌萌哒的丸子酱 · 发表于 2017-8-1 21:37:33

顶楼主！

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-2 15:58:35

萌萌哒的丸子酱发表于 2017-8-1 21:37
顶楼主！

被发现了哈哈

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-2 16:24:22

追求框架感首先了解逻辑推导过程再添砖加瓦不断强化基础知识记忆。逻辑推理从语法和阅读入手。

逻辑就是A-->B 要么是逻辑结构题就是黑体要么是逻辑推理题（而填空题好像是另一种哈哈）
1 结构题考查文章的结构/性质是怎么样子的
原文推理用怎么样的段落结构：作者先提出观点然后开始论证。就考哪些段是A, 哪些段是B

2逻辑推理题 1是原文-->选项 2是选项-->原文(就是对应A前提-->B结论 PS：A的发生决定B的发现，when ,if,by,...)
1 原文-->选项1 ：归纳题结论题选项不可以有原文没说的要知道的是他的名字而不是选项
★原理★是通过原文内容推选项。而2 选项决定★原文是对的可以有原文没有说过的~

填空题是其他形式是二者皆可看空格的位置是bA?结论还是前提？是原文推选项还是选项推原文呀 conclude是原文推选项；而because-原因是决定原文的∴选项推原文

精华部分是！练习部分和做题进行分析的部分。用方法去分析题目练··根据考点！去找解题方法才是最有效的逻辑思路清醒很重要~~

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-6 20:26:48

阅读题出法比CR单一很多很多的；做商科管理者，要去扬长。句式结构和语法才能读懂。

阅读速度慢: 词汇语法句式构架！//读的内容太多了：解题方法不熟

N1研究考点：体现在文章？问题？选项！

N1:考点怎么研究？？他想怎么具体考你,体现在：☆选项会明确告诉你怎么考！而不是反复的去读文章噢，花精力在选项的排除和选择上面（选项：阅读逻辑语法都是！）

N2 选项的出法~

围绕着AàB（逻辑链的构架）考的

Content A是论证部分-事实陈述

81 129 BF:判断他是事实还是观点陈述。

BF1:事实论证为了支持作者观点

BF2:观点

Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine thepopulation of each village. Village census records for the last half ofthe 1600’s are remarkably complete. （客观事实）This very completeness makes onepoint stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reportedsignificant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five yearsimmediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax,which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government usingthe annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villageshad an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of peoplethey recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population fromgovernment census takers would have been easy. （观点：） Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

记忆一般=理解读不懂文章：记有效笔记BF1:A事实 BF2:B观点。

solution：学会句式表达就能读懂了（考试是塑料板）
AàB
In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play whichof the following roles?

A The firstsupplies a context文字性质~A（前半段：context=上下文背景，属于事实陈述属于A属于论证部分内容;）/ for为了(context 是去支持历史学家论证） the historian’s argument（说明和历史学家论证方向一致）(BF1文字性质+论证方向)//;the second acknowledges aconsideration/ that has been used to argue against（反向了，反对史学家观点不一致） the position the historianseeks to establish.（前半段：承认consideration 因素代表原因的，原因是放在A的文字性质；后半段是..）(依然符合套路：BF1文字性质+论证方向) 考点是两句话的文字性质和论证方向不一定要把全文都读懂！目的性要强：读完整两个BF所在句子。

B The firstpresents evidence论证，对 to support the position that the historian seeks toestablish; the second acknowledges a consideration（错误） that has been used to argue against（错误） that position.

C The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish相同方向; the second is that position. （代词只能就近指代不会跳到文章里，这里一定是本句话里的第一个 supports 的the position：历史学家证明的观点，方向性质都对的）

D The first is a position （观点，性质错了）for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption（假设假定是既可以做观点也可以做论证，没有错的情况但不是一定对） thatserves as the basis of that argument.

E The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certainposition对; the second acknowledges a consideration（原因，错） that calls that assumptioninto question.

BF题解法

1.考点文字性质+论证方向（反对or一致）

2 解题流程：怎么研究解题方法？先读问题

问题关注：1题型（问题中体现）bold face

☆2 问题开头=选项作者观点的表述词

EX:The first suppliesa context for the historian’s argument？？（事实论证为了支持作者观点的方向一致）; the second acknowledges a consideration that has beenused to argue against （反对错误）the position the historian seeks to establish. (BF2承认了一个因素：就是写一个因素/围绕一个因素写的啊掌握选项意思：论证因素consideration“考虑到的”不要受中文意译影响比如argue that 后面是支持，argue是支持的意思诶：因素这里错了表示原因，而BF2是观点，B，错误)

问题 In the historian’s argument, 说明历史学家写的-文章作者啊！

判断文字性质：1.学霸型：读意思

文章读完整两个BF所在句（然后结合文字性质和论证方向的考点）前提A:事实客观陈述

            判断BF文字性质和论证方向（干脆点）                                                                                                                            结论B：主观态度表达       论证：if， for example
BF1 Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.A                                                                         观点3个标志词一定要记住！后面也用
BF2  Therefore观点 , it is reasonable好坏对错 to think that认为 the reported declines did not happen不想读意思就用3个标志
         判断文字性质：                                                                                                                                                                                        2正常人结论/观点/认为标志词：
         论证方向：转折词（为啥用转折词因为作者观点在转折后）                                                                                                    1 结论词+that：  think, claim,suggest however, but, yet,nevertheless, nonetheless (even though, although不是还是回到原观）                                                                      ,conclude；can be made that +观点,
         BF// BF前面不一致，后面一致；                                                                                                                                                    it is likely that +观点；                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2 therefore,  hence, thus,
3.容易出错（选项）                                                                                                                                                                                  consequently,clearly,obviously
  留下文字性质（事实or观点）和论证方向没有错的选项                                                                                                                         3 好坏对错因果关系（认为对的错的；
  (论证方向去支持别人，无性质N若被论证支持就是观点）没有错的选项                                                                                                 因果关系的建立是观点)（单纯的原因是客观）                                                                                                                                                                                                                   （我出现B出现客观，我出现是B出现的原因）
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        论证标志词：
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  没有观点标志词123就是论证

GWD3-Q2:

　　Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest’s deer population over the past ten years. Yet（转折//B） clearly观点, tigers have also played an important（重要：好坏对错主观判断） role in this decline. （从意思上play an role in老虎决定了下降是因果关系表达 ）In the past ten years, the forest’s protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.

　　In the hunter’s argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?

注意：容易在选项判断上错是表示观点还是论证？？

　　A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.（这个文章主结论：结论是表示观点的1性质；方向是argument也是表示作者观点2和作者方向一致）bingo~

　　B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.（objection反对的意见和观点，性质是对的因为是观点；但是他和作者观点相反错误yet//B）

　　C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.（观点性质对；oppoes错了，应该要和作者方向一致）

　　D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain.（发现 finding是事实）

　　E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.（“提供论证evidence”错误！）

1% 2个转折：有个是论证上面的转折（EX:那天不但下着语还刮着风）不属于文章观点转折要看清哦！把两个转折都看下，哪个是观点，哪个是论证

126题2转折第一个BF坑定在转折后面，第二个BF也坑定是转折后，不用去读这两个BF了不管谁是论证转折谁是观点转折反正他们都在转折后面【老师教的精华：判断BF在观点转折前还是后！】

1% 出现两个选项性质和方向都没有问题，这时要通过选项之间的不同点去看哪个选项更符合文章的说法。

07prep-CR2第32题

　Paleontologist: About 2.8 million years ago,many species that lived near the ocean floor suffered substantial populationdeclines. These declines coincided with the onset of an ice age. The notionthat cold killed those bottom-dwelling creatures outright is misguided,however; temperatures near the ocean floor would have changed very little.Nevertheless/However,A 后面是主要结论通过意思判断，阅读理解能力：the cold probably did cause （观点）the population declines, thoughindirectly. Many bottom-dwellers depended for food on plankton, small organismsthat lived close to the surface and sank to the bottom when they died. Mostprobably, the plankton suffered a severe population decline as a result of （观点，因果关系）sharply lower temperatures at the surface, depriving many bottom-dwellers offood.
　　In thepaleontologist's reasoning, the two portions in boldface play which of thefollowing roles?
　　(A) The firstintroduces the hypothesis（观点） proposed by the paleontologist（方向对）; the second is ajudgment （主观判断，观点对）offered in spelling out推理出得出 that hypothesis.（得出上面的BF方向对）

(支持结论，没有用advance，judgment去修饰BF)
　　(B) The firstintroduces the hypothesis proposed by the paleontologist对; the second is aposition观点 that the paleontologist opposes（错.因为转折后面一定是作者的方向）

　　(C) The first is anexplanation（人的观点） challenged （错误，应该是支持）by the paleontologist; the second is an explanationproposed by the paleontologist.

　　(D) The first is ajudgment观点是被提出来去支持作者结论，被P得到的结论（间接性的结论有明确的名词judgment表达它的性质） advanced in support of a conclusion reached by the paleontologist方向对的; thesecond is that conclusion也对.

　　(E) The first is ageneralization put forward by the paleontologist; the second presents certainexceptional cases in which that generalization does not hold.

看两个选项不同点，回原文找对应。到底谁是间接结论哪个是主要结论？！读！however后面是主要结论通过意思判断 ∴A

SC: 穿衣服的人就能进去，如果不去研究原理 ,只是总结表象是错误！考点

GMAC柯林斯字典

做错原因不一样，提高方法也就不一样

总结要点：

an assumption（假设假定是既可以做观点也可以做论证，没有错的情况但不是一定对）
BF:判断他是事实还是观点陈述。
1% ：2个转折：有个是论证上面的转折（EX:那天不但下着语还刮着风）不属于文章观点转折要看清哦
精华：判断BF在观点转折前还是后！
1分钟是优势时间

做精讲部分

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-11 22:19:04

Ashley的归纳题

Which of the following can be correctly inferred fromthe statements above?(原文推选项)

Which of the following hypotheses is best supportedby the statements given?（原文决定选项）

Which of the following conclusions can properlybe drawn from the statements above?

from the statements above不你应该重点去理解作者观点

原文—> 选项

解题流程问题

问题辨识题型读意思100%or读标志词60%-70%

结论对象

练习主动性阅读

文章：读完整和结论对象相关信息

1. 节省时间

2 避免受到错误选项的误导

主动性阅读：1 主动选择文章内容去读

2 完整（内容上完整）（this代词往前去读完整：the+名词；专有名词往前看下解释）

★发现加强削弱文章对象是整个一篇要读文章整个一篇吗？

整个文章是作者写的，你真正要读的是作者的观点

BF 找观点句3个标志：结论句子conclude thatit is clear that 标志therefore thus；好坏对错因果关系。作者观点总在转折后。不然找标志词

原文à 选项根据结论题的考点选项分成两种情况（原文à 选项。而选项是我们要去求解的内容x。把选项放在结论的位置。换而言之我们现在选的选项就是要去求原文的结论。(考点是考文章结论) (考点是考文章结论)

选项：à有结论句 à √同义改写（是意思的同义改写不是单词哦）谢霆锋是男的&他不会穿花裙子错误答案入手（既然选项是被原文决定）àû 1没有对应意思的内容（实质性名词你我形容词聪明的副词动词）（比较asas，than 不能随便比，要么是传递，要么是同一范围比较， 是不是一个范围的？）（极端any系列，all, never,primary,only.soly））2违背原文的，反的

à无结论（文章的事实关系表达）同上1（因为属于原文推选项的题）

à√符合陈述（原文同义改写符合3句话任一一句）

“”没有转折然后看有没有标志词决定要不要全文去读

不是读全文（作者写的）真正要去读的是作者的观点

--------

A computer equipped withsignature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computer to thosepeople whose signatures are on file，identifies a person’s signature by analyzingnot only the form of the signature but also such characteristics as penpressure and signing speed.Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all ofthe characteristics the program analyzes.

　　Which of the followingcan be logically concludedfrom the passage above?

　　(A) The time it takes torecord and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.

　　(B) Computers equippedwith the software will soon be installed In most banks.

　　(C) Nobody can gain accessto a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forgingsignatures.

　　(D) Signature-recognitionsoftware has taken many years to develop and perfect.

　　(E) In many cases evenauthorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with thesoftware.

Meteorite explosions in the Earth’satmosphere as large as the one（爆炸） that destroyed forests in Siberia, with approximately the force ofa twelve-megaton nuclear blast, occur about once a century. The response ofhighly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected circumstancesis unpredictable.（not certain）

　　Which of the following conclusions canmost properly be drawn, if the statements above are true, about a highly automatednuclear-missile defense system controlled by a complex computer program?

1分成两句读是和一样，是发生 2 不读by 读to

A没说不是有相同的词

文章你优选读第二句

★他会给你一个专门的逻辑行为对象告诉你针对哪个进行逻辑行为对象看那部分主动性阅读方式（非预计环境不可预计）

　　A) Within a century after itsconstruction, the system would react inappropriately and might accidentallystart a nuclear war.（Gmat看意思！！！nuclearblast）A 原文没有说核暴力核战争（你看这个错项的信息来自第一句即和文章逻辑对象无关的信息）（760的人干练）

　　B) The system would be destroyedûif an explosion of a large meteorite occurred in the Earth’s atmosphere.

　　C) It would be impossible for the system to distinguish theû explosion of a large meteorite from the explosionof a nuclear weapon. C 没说分辨爆炸，等等

　　D) Whether the system would respond inappropriatelyûto the explosion of a large meteorite would depend on thelocation of the blast.

　　E) It is not certain what the system’s response to theexplosion of a large meteorite would be, if its designers did not plan for such acontingency.

1和2 问题范围不同

针对哪个行为对象已经告诉你了+

2可以不读前面。

750+ 必须是主动性阅读方式

我要针对问题的对象指示我阅读文章的重点

全文。Or主动性阅读（问题是什么 我就读什么 问题要你读什么 你就读什么 有目的性 文章里你要去主动挑选你要读的内容）

加速：1 词汇量！速度 2 熟悉句子结构（用直译的方式）3 读文章多少（读逻辑行为对象）

针对逻辑对象去读要你加强削弱谁你就先读谁 hlp节时正确率不要被动去接受整片文章而是主动的选择去读

为了保证正确率先去读重点内容（如果非要读提醒自己这只是次要内容次要内容，选项出现次要内容提醒自己这是无关的，最好不要读）代词识别

PACE: 尽力每道题做到最快就可以不要规定必须

保证正确率；提高速度（个人能力和个性干练）GMAT考你时间

G的无关选项一般是从原文中取个词 “谢霆锋是蓝天白云”

91.Huge national budget deficits do not causehuge trade deficits. 这个是观点句因果关系的选项找 BF题很重要他能帮助我们以后读文章很快的识别观点句和论证

91. Hugenational budget deficits do not cause huge trade deficits. If they=(尤其代词在主语位置要优先呼应主语budget deficits的，当代词在主语位置 两句话之间主语呼应)（Huge national budget deficits)did（= causehuge trade deficits）如果大的赤字引起了贸易逆差 (因为它不会引起贸易逆差所以用虚拟), countries with the hugest budget deficits would also have the hugest tradedeficits（语法和阅读决定逻辑啊）（你得看懂they和did指代的点再去多读文章不然很危险，本来读第一句就能懂的，读多了confuse）. Actually, when 因为deficitfigures are adjusted so that different countries are reliably comparable to eachother, there is no such correlation因果关系的意思所以往前找因果关系（指代budget deficits do not cause huge trade deficits）所以没有关系.

if the statements（观点句） above are all true, which of the following can properly be inferred onthe basis of them?

★G:读懂观点句就可以了。（此题后面是考你知不知道逻辑的结论对象的）阅读考你的句子也是能读懂的干扰你的就难理解从考点出发

(A) Countries with huge national budget deficits tendto restrict foreign trade. （restrict foreign trade.没有说过）

² 读的越多把次要理解成重要，易出错要读多理解能力必须强不然会障碍阅读

(B) Reliable comparisons of the deficit figuresof one country with those= figures ofare impossible.

（different countries are reliablycomparable to each other，反的）

(C) Reducing a country's national budget deficit will not necessarily resultin a lowering of any trade deficitthat country may have.（not加极端any 就不极端了）

(D) When countries are ordered from largest to smallest in terms of population,the smallest countries generally have the smallest budget and trade deficits.

(E) Countrieswith the largest trade deficits neverhave similarly large national budget deficits. 极端

88.Berlum company will use trees from its forests for two products. The treetrunks will be used for lumber and the branches converted into wood chips to makefiberboard. The cost of this conversion would be the same whether done at the loggingplace, where the trees are debranched, or at the factory. However, wood chips occupy less than half the volumeof the branches from which they （woodchips主语呼应）are made.

不要读太多！选跟这句话有关系的选项：比体积大小的选项

The information（作者观点） given, if accurate,most strongly supports which of the following?

(A) Converting the branches into wood chips at the logging plade would requiretranspor ting a fully assembled wood B chipping machine to and from the place.

(B) It would be more economical to debranch the trees at the factory wherethe fiberboard is manufactured.

(C) The debranching of trees and the conversion of the branches into chipsare the only stages in the processing of branches that it would be in Berlum's economicadvantage to perform at the logging site.

(D) Transportation costs from the logging site to the factorythat(costs因为后面是复数are) are determined by volume of cargo would be lower if the conversion intochips is done 砍成碎片的地方运过去成本低因为体积只有一半at the logging site rather thanat the factory. 符合原文体积一半的逻辑改写其他项都没体积啊。Volume对象问题是很重要的

如果成本由体积决定的，那么..

(E) In the wood B processing industry, branches are used only for the productionof wood chips for fiberboard.

Increases in the level of high-densitylipoprotein (HDL) in the human bloodstream lower bloodstream cholesterol levelsby increasing the body's capacity to rid itself of excess cholesterol. Levelsof HDL in the bloodstream of some individuals are significantly increased by a program of regular exerciseand weight reduction. 技巧：选有some的选项（这是结论成立范围是一些人，保留！）

Which of the following can be correctlyinferred from the statements above?

如果文章信息很多如何加快速度？BF

自己在思路里记下重点用清楚的逻辑链（750+CR去简化逻辑链的记忆，A的发生决定B的发生，简化对句子繁重的记忆只记A决定B 去概括记忆文章内容（A用1,2个单词，B用1,2个单词不要用太多单词）！∴HDL+ à cholesterol-；programàhdl+同时结合排除法）

AIndividuals who are underweight do not runany risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. （weight reduction≠underweight体重过轻）

BIndividuals who do not exercise regularlyhave a high risk of developing high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream late in lifeû.没说（要看完整选项！！）

CExercise and weight reduction are the mosteffective methods of lowering bloodstream cholesterol levels in humans.

D A program of regular exercise and weightreduction lowers cholesterol levels in the bloodstream of some individuals.

EOnlyû regular exercise is necessary to decreasecholesterol levels in the bloodstream of individuals of average

When a polygraph testis judged inconclusive不知道对方说真话还是假话, this is no reflection on the examinee. Rather进一步从另一个角度, such（= inconclusive） a judgment means that the test has failed to show whether theexaminee was truthful or untruthful. Nevertheless, 后面是逻辑链（就算是专有也是对这个主要逻辑链的补充）employerswill sometimes refuse to hire 雇佣a job applicant受聘者 because of an inconclusive不确定 polygraph test往前看专有名词解释 result.

选项得对时间有some的修饰；

Which of thefollowing conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) Most examineeswith inconclusive polygraph test results are in fact untruthful.

(B)Polygraph testsshould not be used by employers in the consideration of job applicants

(C)An inconclusive polygraph test result is sometimes unfairly heldagainst the examinee.

（CRSC选项之间有比较性的，选好的）相对优势选项

(D)A polygraph testindicating that an examinee is untruthful（û原文是不知道真话还是假话。和inconclusive不是一个对象的无关项) can sometimes be ûmistakenû.

(E)Some employersûhave refusedtoû consider the results of polygraph tests when evaluating job applicants.

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-13 22:22:21

解释填空题初稿

解释题简单~~1道题

（加强解释填空归纳30%）

加强是提供理由去更好实现他的推测观点，解释题则是已经发生的事实了没有推测的信息

削弱假设加强评价是存在结论的推测出可能性的主观的观点！而解释题（虽然和加强像但是原文是客观的事实，解释互斥的事情）

556.Beginning 1966 all new cars sold in Morodia were required to have safety belts and power steering. Previously, most cars in Morodia were without these features. Safety belts help to prevent injuries in collisions, and power steering helps to avoid collisions in the first place. But even though in 1966 one-seventh of the cars in Morodia were replaced with new cars, the number of car collisions and collision-related injuri es did not decline.对应原文

Which of the following, if true about Morodia, most helps to explain why the number of collisions and collisions related injuries in Morodia failed to decline in 1966?

所有的题都先看问题问的是什么：是否明确给了一个让你操作的点（在加强题很多），抓住问题的点然后针对性看原文
解释题关注问题问法：指出的解释的点；解释题中转折（转折前内容是hlp理解为什么出现了后面反常的现象我们原本的预期本来是XX）；找到转折前后出现矛盾点，我们找一个理由去说明转折后反常现在为什么发生。（问题解释他为啥没有减少直接看选项）

(A) Because of a driver education campaign, most drivers and passengers in cars that did have safety belts used them in 1966.

(B) Most of the new cars bought in 1966 were bought in the months of January and February.

(C) In 1965, substantially more than one-seventh of the cars in Morodia were replaced with new cars.

(D) An excessive reliance on the new safety features led many owners of new cars to drive less cautiously in 1966 than before.

对了解释题一定是有转折的找转折：前后一般会有矛盾点，找到理由去说明转折后的反常的现象为什么发生

找一个合理的理由（不是他因哈）

(E) The seat belts and power steering put into new cars sold m 1966 had to undergo strict quality control inspections by manufacturers, whether the cars were manufactured in Morodia or not.

When there is less rainfall than normal, the water level of Australian rivers falls and the rivers flow more slowly.
Because algae whose habitat is river water grow best in slow-moving water, the amount of algae per unit of
water generally increases when there has been little rain. By contrast, however, following a period of extremedrought, algae levels are low even in very slow-moving river water.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the contrast described above?
(A) During periods of extreme drought, the populations of some of the species that feed on× algae tend to fall.

(B) The more slowly water moves, the more conducive its temperature is to the growth of algae.
(C) When algae populations reach very high levels, conditions within the river can become toxic for some of
the other species that normally live there.
(D) Australian rivers dry up completely for short intervals in periods of extreme drought. 后面转折后反常的请问为啥发生合理解释（为什么在干旱的时候反而减少了？关注为什么少了是我们要解释的点algae levels are low？为什么在这个环境之下是少的？ even in very slow-moving river water）

(E) Except during periods of extreme drought, algae levels tend to be higher in rivers in which the flow has
been controlled by damming than in rivers that flow freely.（难度一般，而18年的题目长难句++好好学SC读取句式的方式拆分去理解一句话然后还原分脑一次读完）(SC不要只用split排除不要忽略句子意思不然会慢，考700+要注意逻辑句意语义~~）

解释题的总结：

1. 关注问题，有没有特别指出点

2 通常，在解释题中存在转折找到转折，转折前后一般出现矛盾点，找到一个理由去说明，转折后的反常的现象为什么发生

------------------

ABC therefore,D since 一个结论的原因就是给出一个结论的前提。加强 全文无转折，问since 是加强

A However，B since 解释题全文有转折，问since 是找原因解释矛盾

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

　　Most bicycle helmets provide good protection for the top and back of the head, but little or no protection for the temple regions on the sides of the head. A study of head injuries resulting from bicycle accidents showed that a large proportion were caused by blows to the temple area. Therefore, if bicycle helmets protected this area, 这里开始才是结论C主观推论的事情:the risk of serious head injury in bicycle accidents would be greatly reduced, especially since ______________________.If 不是结论句哦是前提和讨论范围 “if如果头盔保护这个区域”，看一下原文这个区域发生了什么

结论的条件：如果头盔保护这个区域找this area，（很多一部分头部受伤是由templearea导致的 serious head injuries太阳穴里有没有严重受伤，才能得到严重受伤才能减少）P:由于temple area刮伤而导致的head injuries 会减少 C:serious head injuries的风险会大大减少

　　大部分自行车头盔能够很好的保护都得顶部和后部，但是且不能为头部两侧的颞部提供保护。一个自行车车祸造成头部受伤的研究显示，大部分的受伤都是由于颞部的撞击引起的。所以，如果自行车头盔能够保护这个区域的话，在自行车车祸中受伤导致头部严重受伤的风险会被大大降低，因为________________

　　(A) among the bicyclists included in the study’s sample of head injuries, only a very small proportion had been wearing a helmet at the time of their accident

　　在那些研究调查的自行车手当中，只有很小的一部分在出车祸的时候戴了头盔。

　　(B) even those bicyclists included who regularly wear helmets have poor understanding of the degree and kind of protection that helmets afford

　　即便是那些骑自行车经常带头盔的人对于头盔的保护能力也知之甚少。

　　(C) a helmet that included protection for the temples would have to be somewhat larger and heavier than current helmets

　　一个可以保护颞部的头盔比现在的头盔更大并且更沉。

　　(D) the bone in the temple area is relatively thin and impacts in that area thus very likely to cause brain injury

　　颞部的骨头相对较薄，对这个区域进行撞击很容易对大脑造成伤害。大脑受伤=严重脑受伤

　　(E) bicyclists generally land on their arm or shoulder when they fall to the side, which reduces the likelihood of sever impacts on the side of the head

　　骑自行车的人在出车祸的时候通常倒向一边压在他们的胳膊或者是肩膀上，这样会降低对头不造成伤害的可能性。

　　解析：

　　A 如果在调查的时候只有一小部分是戴了头盔的，那么文章中所得出的结论就不正确，并不一定是没有保护好颞部才导致的头部受伤，那么做出新的头盔也不一定降低头部受伤的风险。

　　B 人们了不了解头盔的保护能力和能否降低头部受伤的风险没有任何关系，无关选项。

　　C 头盔的重量和体积与需要解释的内容无关。

　　D 很好的解释了为什么颞部受到撞击容易导致头部受伤，也就加强了新的头盔可以降低头部受伤的概率的结论。正确答案。

　　E 人们会不会经常伤到头部和头部受伤是不是由于颞部受伤引起的没有关系，无关选项。

770+ 思维过程怎么找到点。是平时，训练思维的过程（不是去刷题）逻辑题复习的重点：对原文信息的读取和分析，怎么在1 min中内，很快的找到结论的重点以及当看题干的时候，有意识的去筛选信息时（主动阅读）一旦确定了结论立即就可以把前提对应的内容定位置（AB都找到）一边读一边找到AB前提和结论。看完找到漏洞和方向。

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-8-13 22:26:58

加强题：加强是核心（削弱是相反）其他是子集

１定义：正确选项使得逻辑链成立可能性上升。

*语法是基础读意思， ＧＭＡＴ的逻辑不涉及逻辑学内容的，　相当强调有关无关性！　怎么有关呢？：　围绕Ａ..说读意思Ａ B ＡàＢ (1☆排除他因难看出- 因为原文不出现，但是是典型和原文有关联因为它是导致B的原因阿，A也是导致B的原因C也是导致B的原因Ａ是主要原因，　ｓｏＧｍａｔ用什么统一方法做题呢？排除其他文化影响，就是认为A是B的唯一原因|生活中不是必然结果，但是在G中得必然结果，不然结果可能有可能没有题就没法做了：B是A必然的结果啊）有因有果和无因无果　对原因的唯一性和结果的必然性的同时的加强。)（３　AàB（对）逻辑链的加强） 1 AàB重复一下，有因有果（当唯一原因存在必然结果也存在Ａ考了７７０其他人也考了770）2无因无果ûAàXB　当唯一原因存在的时候必然结果也存在和当唯一原因不存在的时候必然结果也不存在有因有果和无因无果　对原因的唯一性和结果的必然性的同时的加强。

逻辑链3步 1 去读什么是重点内容 2 重点内容是干什么的？内容读完整结构上AB不可缺一3 Yhlp你记忆文章和选项速度是！！对于AB逻辑链的总结的省略！

750保底： 1 你是否有去看问题的加强对象（仔细程度）2 读文章的能力差别（读重点速读）3 读完整也是阅读能力问题

加强 AB。 A->B 。增加可能性: 哪怕一丢丢：原文说：“白垩纪小行星撞地球使恐龙灭绝“　选项A：白垩纪发生过小行星撞地球，一点ｏｋ（如果没发生原文逻辑链就没成立了）选项B：白垩纪恐龙确实灭绝了，一点ok 　(撞了后植物没了恐龙没吃的over了，是证明：可能性100%。白垩纪恐龙确实灭绝了小行星的确撞了地球)

假定题：人会死的，苏格拉底也会死。选项：苏格拉底是人。加强的子集

　２解题流程（问题-文章-选项）BF，结论题一样

　－问题－题型辨识　１读意思（读谁决定谁来判断题型）１００％靠谱；２标志词６０－７０％　

３　ｉｆ　ｔｒｕｅ　修饰对象　９０％　

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly strengthen the advisers' proposal? 找if true的修饰对象

If true 修饰对象方法 100%题（10%：conclude没if true ）

归纳题or assump 没有if true修饰读意思 “ Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the statements above?" Conclusion（还有2assumption题没if true）没有if true: 读意思用标志词

Which of the followingN, if true,修饰选项 most strongly strengthens the prediction that

Normey's plan will achieve its goal?

不要和结论题的：ｍｕｓｔ　ｂｅ　ｔｒｕｅX 搞在一起

It can be concluded on the basis of the statements above, if they are true修饰文章的, which of the following is most probably also trueX ? 可能|一定为真（不是ｉｆ　ｔｒｕｅ！）

If true 修饰对象方法 ti0%题（10%：conclude）

ｉｆ　ｔｒｕｅ　修饰原文：原文推选项题；

ｉｆ　ｔｒｕｅ　修饰选项：选项推原文题（加强削弱）

谁放在Ａ部分，if true修饰谁，来判断题型更快

原理：AàB: 前提为真（iftrue修饰得是前提），结论才为真，所以ｉｆｔｒｕｅ修饰原文　AàB　（原文在Ａ假设它为真这样结论才为真，如果选项放在前提Ａ，ｉｆｔｒｕｅ只能修饰选项，这样Ａ为真结论才为真）谁放在A就修饰谁

－问题－加强对象（加强题读加强对象，结论题读结论对象）问题over~

－文章－

文章：不要重头读到尾主动reading：让你加强谁？找到他让你加强的对象逻辑链&读完整（结论的内容完整性：指代内容加的的名词专名往前读把内容补充完整）读太多无关排除慢

RC: 整理逻辑链

文章： 读完整逻辑对象相关逻辑链

不要从头读到尾被动阅读 主动性阅读（加强谁去原文读找加强对象相关逻辑链）+ 结构内容读完整（文章可能有作者反对的结论，你要读的是作者的结论）（1 内容读完整参考结论题的）★选项推原文题要求2（选项推原文题要求的！）结构上完整：A->B AB不可缺一 AB你都要读出来 EX：加强计划（客观事实前提）&读计划导致的目标；什么原因采取计划读出原因“加强结论:作者认为这帮学者观点是错的B”你去把前提原因A读出来为啥认为错的，＋内容上完整:这帮学者观点是啥(* 结论题没结构: 有时文章有结论,有时没有）

加强全文读作者观点~

加强是核心（削弱是相反）其他是子集

加强 AB。 A->B 。增加可能性: 哪怕一丢丢：原文说：白垩纪小行星撞地球使恐龙灭绝　选项：白垩纪发生过小行星撞地球一点ｏｋ（如果没发生原文逻辑链就没成立了）选项：白垩纪恐龙确实灭绝了一点ok 　(撞了后植物没了恐龙没吃的可能性100%：是证明。白垩纪恐龙确实灭绝了小行星的确撞了地球)

假定题：人会死的，苏格拉底也会死。选项：苏格拉底是人。加强的子集。

AB不缺\

plan 目的tO do （by=plan）。

读重点内容+ 读重点内容（指代读完整）干啥的

3 AB逻辑链条的省略结构上AB不要缺/记忆文章和判断选项速度的: AB逻辑连省略(逻辑连简化细节记大脑)

1看问题加强对象。仔细

2 能力个性：只读1，2句话

3 阅读能力问题：读完整

123做到 750保底。。

－选项－无关

错项 *无关：没有提到A的意思也没B的意思更没有A推B的意思（多出）逻辑连要概括点细节记大脑（主干道，给零售浅层记忆）
有关：但削弱。（少出）

有关正确：加强　ü

逻辑连简化细节记大脑

－选项－有关－加强

ＧＭＡＴ的逻辑不涉及逻辑学内容的，　相当强调有关无关性！　怎么有关呢？：　

AàB　有关３种情况：　围绕Ａ说读意思Ａ B ＡàＢ

1 　Ａ读意思有A ：A存在可行的解释说明或 cû到B （没有其他的C能推àB）A是B的唯一原因

2　B 有B: 对B的解释说明。同义改写

3　ＡàＢY（A 唯一|orB 必然:　＊默认不排除其它小原因，Ａ是主要原因，　ｓｏＧｍａｔ用什么统一方法做题呢？排除其他文化影响，就是认为A是B的唯一原因|生活中不是必然结果，但是在G中得必然结果，不然结果可能有可能没有题就没法做了：B是A必然的结果啊）　　　　　　 2个都是同时的加强！:　

FAàB重复一下：有因有果当唯一原因存在的时候必然结果也存在 (E:Ａ考了７７０其他人也考了770)

F无因无果是当唯一原因不存在的时候必然结果也不存在 (E: CDE没来这考了500)

nns

75. As part of major renovations to Watertown's Main Street train station, advisers to the train company proposed 前moving the station's entrance from its current valued Main Street location to a low Brent adjoining side street提 and then leasing the high Brent entrance space to retailers. propose导致结果 In that way, the train company could effortlessly 结论： pay for those(renovations) and all other proposedûrenovations without negative influence on its tight budget.

AàB moving　leasingà negativeû buget

Which of the following, if true, would most strongly strengthen the advisers' proposal?

(A) More train commuters are employed in businesses located on Main Street than in businesses located on the adjoining side street.

(B) A reliable survey of Watertown's commuters showed that virtually该做地铁还坐啊 none of them would use the train any less frequently(=解释说明没有负面影响该收车钱还是收意思一样) if the station's entrance were moved.(move) 有B ：同义改写B!! B存在可行的解释说明 B项在意思上说明没有负面影响对应预算。

(C) The high Brent block of Watertown's Main Street有关主干道租金 √includes several buildingsû没说地铁站的事了说的楼的租金找楼的û租客（原文是出租给零售商）whose owners currently seek to replace long B standing tenantsû(楼租客是不同的人群的leasing） lost in recent months.

(D) If the station's entrance were moved, the train company would need to begin costly renovations to its Main Street entrance space.

(E) Ridership on Watertown trains declined only slightly from 1ti70 to 1ti85 while other train companies lost large numbers of commuters

file:///C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps946.tmp.jpg

76. 没读Outsourcing is the method of obtaining from an independent supplier a service or product that a company has previously provided for it. Normey, Inc., a small manufacturing firm that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits背景不重要重要的是plan和goal, plans to目的 increase its profits by逻辑好读：（=plan）outsourcing(导致利润上升) those parts of its business that independent suppliers are able to provide at lower cost than Normey can itself.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly strengthens the prediction that Normey's逻辑链 plan will achieve its goal? Plan?通过什么方式 Goal? todo就是目的

逻辑链3步 1 去读什么是重点内容 2 重点内容是干什么的？内容读完整结构上AB不可缺一3 Yhlp你记忆文章和选项速度是！！对于AB逻辑链的总结的省略！

750保底： 1 你是否有去看问题的加强对象（仔细程度）2 读文章的能力差别（读重点速读）3 读完整也是阅读能力问题

Plan-〉goal outsource-〉profit+

(A) Among the parts of its business that Normey does not plan to outsource　在这个部件属于它的企业的零部件这个零部件是Ｎ，不想去外包的零部件，不想去外包的零部件和原文没有关系的are some that require standards of accuracy too high for most independent suppliers to provide at lower cost than Normey can.（外包的零部件：取非是同样一批零部件外包和同一批不外包，这里是本来就不打算外包的零部件　无关）

(B) Normey itself acts as an independent supplier of specialized hardware items to certain Producers that formerly made those items themselves.

(C) 没有生产厂商一开始三作为独立的供应商（没有说包括NOrmey这家公司呀）Relatively few Producers（没有说Producers包括NOrmey ）that start as independent suppliers have been able to expand their business and become direct competitors of the companies they once supplied. 后面也没有说这批零部件是否外包导致利润上升的关系啊

(D) Normey plans to select the independent suppliers it will use on the basis of submiVed bids. N 选独立的供应商会用标书竞标和零部件是否外包产生利润无关

(E) 　Attending to certain tasks that Normey performs relatively inefficiently(outsource因为外包后就可以不参加无效工作) has taken up much of the time and effort of top managers whose time would have been better spent attending to Normey's core business.=(profit)Ｅ有Ａ有Ｂ　就是说有外包利润就会上升因为外包就可以不做无效ｔａｓｋｓ把精力放在帮公司赚钱上面。 AB都提到~~其实无因无果和有Ａ有Ｂ　是一回事～！如果不外包就浪费精力在无效上　ＡＢＣＤ都是无关选项～～

参加某些活动：Ｎ公司要去执行的活动相对是无效的，无效的活动会占据大部分的时间和精力属于顶级经理层，而顶级经理层的时间是能更好用来参加Ｎ公司核心业务，这里敲黑板：商科中公司的核心业务是ｐｒｏｆｉｔ．outsourcｅ　就是无效的ｔａｋｓ　　　

选项（正确答案和错误答案）-> 无关（多抓住这个漏洞哦！） 削弱

->√有关削弱加强（架桥那些不要管，G最重要的是判断有关无关性）诀窍：A->B 只说A 只说B AB都说到（加强有关的三种形式）//无关：没有说到A的意思也没有说到B的意思, 更不可能AB

(怎么判断？好好读意思+逻辑链总结的概括一点细节都存在脑浅层记忆就行（moving的细节记载大脑搬走主干道地铁的入口leasing的细节是空间租给了零售）主要记主要内容记得少的好处概括和选项有关无关都好判断然后去看选项有没有说到和A相关内容有没有说到和B相关内容？（不要仅仅因为单词判断和AB有没有关系,说的是意思！！比如UNweight）语法为首，把思维朝美国人思维转，美国人是怎么看句子的，正确率100%.

出题：唯一AàB必然

有关à√加强

1 A 1有A: A存在可行的解释说明 2没有C推B XCX(àB有时会写有时推B不写)排除他因加强A的唯一性☆他因不出现，但是他因：典型和原文有关的内容∵AC都是导B的原因（ex:在此期间光照度降雨度一样的，排除光照度降雨对产量影响，就是因为加了肥料）☆排除他因难看出- 因为原文不出现，但是是典型和原文有关联因为它是导致B的原因阿，A也是导致B的原因C也是导致B的原因,仔细看就能看出了（ex: 学了CJ考了770=主要原因，默认不排除其它小原因，Ａ是主要原因，　ｓｏＧｍａｔ用什么统一方法做题呢？排除其他文化影响，就是认为A是B的唯一原因|生活中不是必然结果，但是在G中得必然结果，不然结果可能有可能没有题就没法做了：B是A必然的结果啊）有因有果和无因无果　对原因的唯一性和结果的必然性的同时的加强。

2 B 有B-B存在可行的解释说明同义改写B!

3 AàB（对逻辑链的加强） 1 AàB重复一下，有因有果（当唯一原因存在必然结果也存在）（A到这培训考770：BC到这培训也考770）2无因无果ûAàXB（当唯一原因不存在必然结果也不存在）(ABC没到这培训考760)有因有果和无因无果　对原因的唯一性和结果的必然性的同时的加强。

请心态好点！请阅读好点（参见下面的题）

Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgment on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, 看结论：　researchers have concluded that the bowerbirds’ building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.　
culturally acquired－〉 building styles　读每个选项：　围绕着文化学习，建筑风格

结论：谁决定谁 A culture 决定了 styles 。读文章看选项就看有没有文化决定建筑风格的意思

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?看后面！
A.There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bower-building styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively. 共同特征比上不同特征：无关
B.Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching文化学习 (不学习是没有办法完成style的意思ＡＢ都提到了更多对Ａ解释说明阿：什么文化传承)their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style. ）对A culturally acquired进行解释

C.The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird. the same species　鸟属于一个种类的属于B鸟缺少塔和装修风格属于巢属于大部分其他种类属于B鸟。而原文是same species。
D.Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another. 自闭和文化袭承无关
E.It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.唱歌方言无关

78.The Lexe Telecommunications Company is planning to introduce cell phone service into isolated coastal areas of Diacal, a move which will require considerable investment. Nevertheless, the only significant economic activity in these places is small Bscale corn farming, and none of the corn farmers make enough money to afford the monthly service fees that Lexe would have to charge to make a profit. However, Lexe 读完整contends that making the service读完整 available to these areas读完整will be profitable. （ *代词很重要SC考点不多的）

读完整： cell phone+area àprofit

Which of the following , if true, provides the strongest support for Calex's contention? （ However后面这句话了）从最后一句话提炼逻辑链前面的是补充说明逻辑链内容的hlp你完整去理解逻辑链

(A) Presently, Diacal corn farmers are forced to sell their corn to local buyers at whatever price those buyers choose to pay since the farmers are unable to remain in contact with 手机outside buyers(cellphone) who generally offer higher prices.利润（profit） 有因有果，（有了手机我就有钱了就能够提供支付服务赚钱了）+无因无果（没有手机还是得卖给当地的供应商买不起还是没有利润的）D玉米农他们被迫去卖他们玉米给当地采购者在任何一个价格这些采购者选择去支付的，因为农民无法去得到联系和外部的购买者而外部的购买者通常会有更高的价格：得到联系和外部的购买者和cellphone 有关丫

(B) In the coastal areas of Diacal where Lexe proposes to introduce cell phone service√, there原文说手机引入会盈利和固定电话原文没说阿别自己加线索美协提到收集业务is now no fixed 和cellphone无关啊Bline telephone service because fixed Bline companies do not believe that they could earn their investment.无关好好看SCRC。读指代内容整理逻辑链去解。读和结论相关逻辑链。

(C) A cellular telephone company can break even with a considerably smaller number of subscribers than a fixed Bline company can, even in areas such as the Diacal coast, where there is no difficult terrain to drive up the costs of installing fixed lines.

(D) Lexe bases its monthly fees for cell phone service in a given region partly on the cost of installing the necessary equipment to provide the service there.

(E) Lexe has for years made a profit on cellphone service in Diacal's capital city, which is not far from the coastal region.

读文章要理解。读文章做什么？？读和结论相关逻辑链

读完整主干内容~整理了逻辑链~解题（不要脑补，他没写你就别想）

Eileen小浣熊 · 发表于 2017-8-15 16:30:57

Mark一下！

CR总结日记

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