请问36. GWD-11-Q35 -Q37当代女权主义者对20年代妇女选举权运动的评价几句话的理解

Recent feminist scholarship con-         早期人们以妇女选举权运动众所周知地

       cerning the United States
            in the 1920’s     “得到保证”来评价美国的1920’s，

       challenges
            earlier interpretations that     最近，女权主义者挑战这一观点。

Line       assessed the twenties in terms of the

  (5)      unkept “promises” of the women’s

suffrage movement.  This new scholar-         新观点驳斥道，因为妇女在1920年获

ship disputes the long-held view that            投票权后，妇女投票组织没有实体化，

because a women’s voting bloc did not          选举权不能为妇女争得长久的政治利益。

materialize after women gained the right

 (10)      to vote in 1920, suffrage failed to

produce long-term political gains for

women.  These feminist scholars also          女权学家也认为选举权失败，因为它没

challenge the old view that pronounced         有遵守妇女投票将带来道德的无腐败的

suffrage a failure for not delivering on           统治的诺言。

 (15)      the promise that the women’s vote

would bring about moral, corruption-

free governance.  Asked whether              被问到选举权是否失败时，他们引用世

women’s suffrage was a failure, these           纪交替时的社会改革家JA的话：“为

scholars cite the words of turn-of-the-            何你不问选举权是否全面失败？“

 (20)      century social reformer Jane Addams,

       “Why don’t you ask if suffrage in

       general is failing?”学者的观点认为suffrage是失败

      In some ways, however, these递进       在某些方面，这些女权学者仍然认为

scholars still present the 1920’s as a              1920’s是衰落时期。

 (25)      period of decline. After suffrage, they     他们说选举权后，女权运动失去了凝

argue, the feminist movement lost its              聚力，性别意识下降。

cohesiveness, and gender conscious-

ness waned.  After the mid-1920’s, few          1920’s中期后，鲜见女权改革家的成

successes could be claimed by fem-              就：在成功立法方面很少见。

 (30)      inist reformers: little could be seen in

the way of legislative victories.
        衰退的年代 new scholarship的另一观点

      During this decade, however, there        然而在此时期，以取得更多妇女自治

       was intense activism aimed at achiev-      为目标的强烈的激进主义存在着，扩

ing increased autonomy for women,             宽到妇女的日常生活领域。

 (35)
                broadening the spheres within which

they lived their daily lives.  Women’s            妇女组织的工作为妇女提供机会：

organizations worked to establish

opportunities for women: they strove to          他们致力于保障妇女完全的公民权利，

       secure for women the full entitlements        包括管理办公室及服务陪审庭的权利。

 (40)      of citizenship, including the right to hold

office and the right to serve on juries.最终观点
        不同意recent的观点

问题：

1、

Recent feminist scholarship concerning the United States
                        in the 1920’s challenges
                        earlier interpretations
                        that 
                        assessed the twenties in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’ssuffrage movement. 

以前的NN理解的是：早期人们以妇女选举权运动众所周知地“得到保证”来评价美国的1920’s，
                                    最近，女权主义者挑战这一观点。

我想请问：“that 
                                            assessed the twenties in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’ssuffrage movement.  ”这个是早期的观点还是当代女权主义者的观点。如果是erlier interpretations 的定语从句，那么应该理解为"不能实现“承诺”，那就和以前NN的理解不同了。如果that应到的不是earlier interpretations应到的定语从句是新recent feminist的观点，that引导的句子是什么作用？是challenges的内容吗？是怎么个用法啊？

2、同样的问题：

Recent feminist scholarship concerning the United States
            in the 1920’s challenges
            earlier interpretations
            that 
            assessed the twenties in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’ssuffrage movement. 

以前的NN理解的是：早期人们以妇女选举权运动众所周知地“得到保证”来评价美国的1920’s，
                        最近，女权主义者挑战这一观点。

我想请问：“that 
                                assessed the twenties in terms of the unkept “promises” of the women’ssuffrage movement.  ”这个是早期的观点还是当代女权主义者的观点。如果是erlier interpretations 的定语从句，那么应该理解为"不能实现“承诺”，那就和以前NN的理解不同了。如果that应到的不是earlier interpretations应到的定语从句是新recent feminist的观点，that引导的句子是什么作用？是challenges的内容吗？是怎么个用法啊？

2、同样的问题：