Ashley的备考日记 18fall

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-13 11:41:36

当下的每分钟每秒钟都做到极致。清空大脑保持持久的专注和热情。

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 16:59:23

感谢jarvis给的资源：businessweek！我记得是之前CD的清华学姐推荐的商科必备读物
http://emagazinepdf.com/2017/03/bloomberg-businessweek-13-19-march-2017/

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-13 12:07:34

近几天任务：G单词8000，长难句，不回读，文章结构把握很好。
CR思维

S 其实有however这种题目，转折后包换完整的PC,但下面还是分析一下逻辑链逻辑链分析 Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, the fears are groundless.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
翻译:
20 世纪初期，K 湖被污染很严重。由于工业排放污染已经以及减少湖
水变更干净，最近鱼的数量已经恢复。担忧正在被提出，认为计划建
造的穿过湖底的输油管道的建设可能让污染复苏并导致鱼群再次减
少。但是，防泄漏的技术正在被安装。所以，当这个技术是有效的，担忧没有依据。

提炼:

1：找到结论:“the fears are groundless”，问题来了，什么样的 fear 是没有依据的?从前文寻找，发现，fear 的具体内容是“the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again”。那么，整合理解之后，结论想表达的意思就是:

计划的穿过湖底的输油管道的建设可能让污染复苏并导致鱼群再次减少的担忧没有依据。进一步精炼，最后得到结论:计划建设的输油管不会导致污染复苏和鱼群减少。

2：找到结论后，思考一下，题干给出了什么事实证据来推导此结论?

题干给出了两点:

1) “a technology for preventing leaks is being installed”;

2) “provided this technology is effective”;

也就是说,:

1) 有防泄漏技术;

2) 技术是有效的。

整合信息，题干实际给出的证据是:正在安装有效的防泄漏技术。在这里还可以进一步优化 : 为何题干说有效的防泄漏技术 ? 既然 provided this technology is effective，提供了这个条件，其实就是在说，输油管不会泄露!

3：其他信息，还剩下的前两句话，其实对推论并没有用，只是一些

背景性信息。

逻辑链: P:输油管不会泄露

C:计划建设的输油管不会导致污染复苏和鱼群减少。

方向推理:

从题干信息咱们已经可以获知，污染就是导致鱼减少的原因。所以，

题干的推导其实就是不泄露-->没有污染，把这两个概念给等价了，

但题干的证据中并没有给出证据说明这一点，这道题的 flaw 就在于

这里的证据不充分性(GAP)。要削弱，可以:1、直接指出 GAP，不泄露

不代表不会污染，可能有其他的除了泄露以外的污染可能性;2、找到

确定的证据，泄漏以外还真的会有其他的由计划建设的输油管带来的

污染。

选项分析:

A. The pipeline’s construction will disturb sediments at the bottom of the lake, dispersing into the water toxic pollutants that have settled there. 正确答案，管道的建设会扰动湖底沉淀物，导致沉积的毒素污染湖水。指出了计划建设的输油管会带来的其他污染(导致鱼减少)。

B. Changes in land use and drainage patterns around the lake mean that the lake’s waters are increasingly likely to be affected by agricultural runoff. 湖周围土地使用和水系的变化意味着湖水会有更高的可能被农业径流影响。不能削弱，无法说明输油管还会不会带来其他污染。

C. The leak-preventing technology has been in use for several years without any pipeline in which it is installed developing serious leaks.防泄漏技术已经被用了很多年没出现严重泄露的情况，无法削弱，题干已经说了”provided this technology is effective”给定技术是有效的，这句话其实重复了文章信息。

D. A major leak of oil from the pipeline would harm not only the lake’s fish but also populations of other aquatic animals and plants. 大的输油管泄露伤害的不仅是湖里的鱼也会对水生动植物数量有影响。无法削弱，这个选项只是在陈述一个事实，泄露的严重后果，但关键是，建造输油管到底有没有污染呢?咱们依旧不知道。

E. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, non-native species of fish have been introduced into the lake and now make up a considerable proportion of its overall fish population.

关于无关选项

The Earth has many properties in common with the Moon. For example, each of them belongs to the solar system,is nonluminous, and has rotation and revolution. However, although the Earth exists life, the Moon does not exist life.

(A) The Moon’s environment being tough, there can be no biological existence.
(B) The Moon’s temperature is quite different from the Earth’s

看了 CD有感：推理的本质！从前提到结论的过程。即推理强调的是前提和结论的逻辑关系。不关注他们本身正确，而是关注前提推结论这种推理方式是否正确。

此题是通过类比地球和月来推出结论。削弱我们不需要关注月球究竟是否有生物，而是能不能将地球作为月的类比对象来推出月的特点有生物

A无关项，仅月的特点说它有生物不正确，没有指出和地球的不同，无法削弱这种类比推理的关系。

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-13 17:24:21

关于 plan 的误判：
prep08-cr2-94
Because of steep increases in the average price per box of cereal over the last 10 years, overall sales of cereal have recently begun to drop. In an attempt to improve sales, one major cereal manufacturer reduced the wholesale prices 预判of its cereals by 20 percent. Since most other cereal manufacturers have announced that they will follow suit, it is likely that the level of overall sales of cereal will rise significantly.
看到In an attempt to。。 reduced the。。的时候，千万不要先入认为是Plan to go,在结论的推导中，重心是在提出了一个计划，以及是认为这个计划是用来去实现某一个目的的。重心是在提出这个计划上面，而此题它的attempt 和它的reduce 价格上面已经实行了，不光光是提出而是已经实行了。原文没有结束你无法判断他的重心。不要一看到关键字就认为plan to go. it is likely that the level of overall sales of cereal will rise significantly.这个才是结论。

wholesale prices的预判暗示

Because of steep increases in the average price per box of cereal over the last 10 years, overall sales of cereal have recently begun to drop. In an attempt to improve sales, one major cereal manufacturer reduced the wholesale prices 预判of its cereals by 20 percent. Since most other cereal manufacturers have announced that they will follow suit, it is likely that the level of overall sales of cereal will rise significantly.

看到In an attempt to。。 reduced the。。的时候，千万不要先入认为是Plan to go,在结论的推导中，重心是在提出了一个计划，以及是认为这个计划是用来去实现某一个目的的。重心是在提出这个计划上面，而此题它的attempt 和它的reduce 价格上面已经实行了，不光光是提出而是已经实行了。原文没有结束你无法判断他的重心。不要一看到关键字就认为plan to go. it is likely that the level of overall sales of cereal will rise significantly.这个才是结论。

一家价格降了20%，其他跟着降，认为 “reduced the wholesale prices”批发价格下降最后的销量会上升很多，而原文之前说过去十年我的售价上升了很多，然后我的销量开始下降了很多。结论重心是认为批发价格下降了，认为销量会上升。 ∴ wholesale prices---？--> 销量/需求变化

wholesale prices批发价暗示考点supermarkets charge

Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in evaluating the argument?

A. Whether the high marketing expenses of the highly competitive cereal market led to the increase in cereal prices 无关：wholesale prices下降---？--> 销量/需求变化

B. Whether cereal manufacturers use marketing techniques that encourage brand loyalty among consumers 无关 wholesale prices---？--> 销量/需求变化

C. Whether the variety of cereals available on the market has significantly increased over the last 10 years wholesale prices下降---？--> 需求会上升？

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 10:55:48

完了！昨天码了一天字，没有点保存！还能找回来吗/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 11:54:40

今天先完成的是长难句。我觉得把复杂句子分层拆解是第一步，还原是第二步（先把书读厚再把书读薄形成一套体系）这个内化过程是必须的且通用。
长难句练习中的收获：
☆长难句难点: 定从加了一堆which搞不清楚；COMMA ing 一串起来又不知道了；长的宾从
，and 前后链接两个句子~~~~~~~~~
主谓宾是内容的60% E: 1. some 主were from 谓语 from the old artisan class宾语
2. they 主 were being pushed out 谓语 by competition 宾语

stories 主are shaped by谓语 narrative devices

3. urban black workers主 faced谓 competition from the continuing influx of both black and white rural workers宾语4. Scholars of women'shistory 主should be as cautious aboutaccepting [size=14.6667px]谓 oral narratives宾

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 17:32:58

l【介词which】 However, none of three methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized ：To 介词是和动词的固定搭配，把介词放到前面去了。The three methods are applied to the sites.

l 【带介词的定语从句】thesites towhich they are applied have never mineralized

假想还原：the sites which they areapplied to have never mineralized;这里 applied to have感觉是一个整体了，会引起歧义。 “they areapplied to the sites and thesites have never mineralized”

【定从】the stories peopletell√ to explain themselves --> [size=14.6667px]people tell [size=14.6667px]the stories [size=14.6667px]to explain themselves

ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｏｒｙ　ａｒｅ　ｓｈａｐｅｄ　ｂｙ　Ａ，　Ｂ　ａｎｄＣ, in waysthat the storytellers may be unaware of.

ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｏｒｙｔｅｌｌｅｒｓ　ｍａｙ　ｂｅ　ｕｎｗａｒｅ　ｏｆ　ｉｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｗａｙｓ．

以那样的方式　这个ｉｎ　ｗａｙｓ　是修饰动词的，﹌　ｂｙ　ｄｏｉｎｇ怎样的方式？ａｒｅ　ｓｈａｐｅｄ　ｂｙ．．．

l 【固定搭配提前】Such ground selection 主 relies谓（to varying degrees）on conceptual models宾语To varying degrees， the groundselection relies on conceptual models.这里是to some degree, 放句首的固定搭配。作插入语了

l formations most likely to be mineralized 变成定从拆了formations aremost likely to be mineralized

ｄｉｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄ　公正的！The politicalrhetoric 政治上的花言巧语！！

women's interpretations of the significanceof their experience.　ｏｆ连续　抓有实际意义的

解读重要性？无用！experience！到这里才是有实义的

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 17:35:02

就近修饰VS 跳跃修饰
【跳跃指代是有范围的】Which的跳跃指代有范围的：”就修饰结构介词结构那堆里面。在宾语后，你不能跳跃指到主语了这样太过分了。
从后往前看，第一反应是就近修饰！(离that 和which 最近的名词去修饰) 但是你看下二which的定从，把which换成指代的词之后看下语义对不对。如果语义不对，考虑跳跃指代，它肯定指代就近的前面那个词。

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-20 18:25:26

【还原删除问题】
☆还原是从阅读角度来说：主线不考虑which“他是XX，赚的钱少”至于有无 monopoly不关心还原时删掉/

这堆定从和主线没有关系的：有这些方法来定位金矿，而这些方法是什么有什么特效，我不关心。

    【和文段主要意思无关的定从】定从内容如果不是主线上面的内容可以删除
       还原要人看懂要通顺
E:After the boll weevil infestation, urban black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both black and white rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs.
删了both black and white rural workers were driven to undercut the wages/wages are formerly paid for industrial jobsThe challenge 主in exploration is therefore to unravel 谓the subsurface geology of an area 宾语and pinpoint the position of buried minerals.，And 是拆成两半句的  平行取pinpoint最有代表性的解释内容、
press 新闻  obsolescence过时，淘汰大的排比，修饰可删掉，自己总结一下。

和主干没有关系的话很容易影响你的阅读体验！

 Clark refutes the extremes ofthe constructivists s by both theoreticaland empirical arguments.

我不关心两种方式，只关心你做了啥

主谓宾一扫就知道意思了

 At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephoneexchangefrom maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches tosemi-electronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, trainingopportunities, administration, and organization of workers.

只关心它变了，但从什么变什么我不关心的

珍妮王小钰 · 发表于 2017-7-21 12:05:37

【倒装】
【倒装还原】 1 主要是各类固定搭配的倒装2 感觉原文句子很奇怪时，考虑倒装 3 还原成正常语序
“and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations.”
方法1 to …di, 去掉修饰
方法2 倒装还原要自己积累10个倒装（我有空就整理出来我之前遇见的）
这里是："the explorer must payparticular attention on selecting the ground formations to maximize the chancesof discovery"

【省略】：（从后往前看找省略掉的东西）

Scholarsof women'shistory 主should be cautious省 about　accepting省 oralnarratives宾　（从后往前看找省略掉的东西）

☆they already are about written memories

[梦之队日记] Ashley的备考日记 18fall

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