杨鹏难句－10

1. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe. （4+）

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

译文：该社会学家的命题当被应用于针对美国黑人的歧视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族偏见所下的定义——即“以种族为基础的、针对某个群体的消级的先入之见，而该群体在任何特定的种族竞争地区则被普遍认作一种族”——可被理解成同样也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族群体的敌视态度。

解释：本句长度惊人，插入部分比较长，再加上不乏抽象词，所以较为难懂，在表示转折的后半个分钟中，长长的插入语as racially based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice的同位语，使分句中的主谓相隔千山万水。除此之外，本句用词抽象，语义难以理解，对读者的词汇功底要求较高。考试现场如无法读懂，宜用合理化原则中的取非读法，but之前的分句说的是其论点对美国黑人的种族歧视是较为管用，转折后的内容就应该说其理论对华人和犹太人相对无用。

意群训练：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.

我不是很明白，as racially based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作为主语his definition of racial prejudice是什么成分啊？是名词短语吗？为什么可以做主语的同位语呢？as表示的是什么意思呢？

还有就我不怎么明白是句子里面can be interpreted as also including hostility的意思，interpret sth as sth有这种用法，表示“to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning ” 但后面的including hostility又表示的是什么呢？怎么感觉including是形容词呢？有这种用法吗？

最后就是句首His thesis works relatively well 里面是不是省略了be动词啊？

His thesis（主语） works（谓语） relatively well（状语）

when（省略his thesis is） applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe. （4+）

definition...as:同define...as一个意思。

这里including用发确实不懂，谁来解答？

明白了，原来自己傻了，把works看成是名词了， 感谢 而今迈步从头越

继续问including的用法