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og_8_46 再请教!

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楼主
发表于 2005-6-11 23:08:00 | 只看该作者

og_8_46 再请教!

Passage 8


Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector


clerical workers, most of whom are women, were some-


what limited. The factors favoring unionization drives


seem to have been either the presence of large numbers


(5) of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the


effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or


two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively


easy, Receptivity to unionization on the workers, part


was also a consideration, but when there were large


(10) numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only


unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multioccupa-


tional unions would often try to organize them regard-


less of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic


reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politi-


(15) cians and administrators might play off unionized


against nonunionized workers, and, second, on the


conviction that a fully unionized public work force


meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the


legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few


(20) in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and


expressed no interest in being organized, unions more


often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.


But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy has


emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical


(25) workers were represented by a labor organization,


compared with 46 percent of government professionals,


44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and


41 percent of government service workers, Since then,


however, the biggest increases in public-sector unioniza-


(30) tion have been among clerical workers. Between 1977


and 1980, the number of unionized government workers


in blue-collar and service occupations increased only


about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations


the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers


(35) in particular, the increase was 22 percent.


What accounts for this upsurge in unionization


among clerical workers? First, more women have entered


the work force in the past few years, and more of them


plan to remain working until retirement age. Conse-


(40) quently, they are probably more concerned than their


predecessors were about job security and economic bene-


fits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legit-


imizing the economic and political activism of women on


their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive atti-


(45) tude toward unions. The absence of any comparable


increase in unionization among private-sector clerical


workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst-the


structural change in the multioccupational public-sector


unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occu-


(50) pational distribution in these unions has been steadily


shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predomi-


nantly white-collar. Because there are far more women


in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of


female members has accompanied the occupational shift


(55) and has altered union policy-making in favor of orga-


nizing women and addressing women’s issues.




46. According to the passage, in the period prior to 1975, each of the following considerations helped determine whether a union would attempt to organize a certain group of clerical workers EXCEPT


(A) the number of clerical workers in that group


(B) the number of women among the clerical workers in that group


(C) whether the clerical workers in that area were concentrated in one workplace or scattered over several workplaces


(D) the degree to which the clerical workers in that group were interested in unionization


(E) whether all the other workers in the same jurisdiction as that group of clerical workers were unionized


沙发
发表于 2005-6-12 21:47:00 | 只看该作者

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector


clerical workers, most of whom are women, were some-


what limited(B,描述一个事实,但是并没有说这是consideration). The factors favoring unionization drives


seem to have been either the presence of large numbers


(5) of workers,(A的定位) as in LACE w:st="on">New York CityLACE>, to make it worth the


effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or


two locations(C的定位), such as a hospital, to make it relatively


easy, Receptivity to unionization on the workers, part


was also a consideration(D的定位), but when there were large


(10) numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only


unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multioccupa-


tional unions would often try to organize them regard-


less of the workers’ initial receptivity.(E的定位) The strategic


reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politi-


(15) cians and administrators might play off unionized


against nonunionized workers, and, second, on the


conviction that a fully unionized public work force


meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the


legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few


(20) in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and


expressed no interest in being organized, unions more


often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.



顺便说一下,MM的头像超级可爱

板凳
发表于 2005-6-13 16:48:00 | 只看该作者
crbeijing,希望上述答复已经充分了。另外,最好不要重复另开新帖了。呵呵,否则有可能被忽视了。^_^
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2005-6-14 11:59:00 | 只看该作者

感谢“而今迈步从头越”和"wangyu73cn"的指教。要赶上两位版主的水平,我的阅读还要努力呀!

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