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63/13 og 第4篇

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楼主
发表于 2004-6-3 12:16:00 | 只看该作者

63/13 og 第4篇

Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.( Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery (leery: SUSPICIOUS, WARY often used with of) of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to (run counter t v.违反, 背道而驰) their sense of the correct course of action.)


括号里应该是举例作用的句子?对吗?those是指其他普通经理,which感觉指solutions或者是leery,这么理解对吗?


谢谢。

沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2004-6-3 12:28:00 | 只看该作者

还是把原文附上吧。

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day (day-by-day: adj.每天的day-to-day: adj.日常的, 逐日的) tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.

A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.

Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.

普通作者看待manager思考方式的方式

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally(有时候, 偶而) leery (leery: SUSPICIOUS, WARY often used with of) of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to (run counter t v.违反, 背道而驰) their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from acting. Since managers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably(逃不掉地,解决不了地,解不开地) tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Ise人的研究揭示了不同以往的观点,不是而是---5个列举,其中第四个有小例---〉总结,举例说明总结---〉再总结

Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication(牵连, 含意, 暗示) of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.

附加总结经理的行动模式---〉给出例子

板凳
发表于 2004-6-3 23:18:00 | 只看该作者

Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.( Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery (leery: SUSPICIOUS, WARY often used with of) of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to (run counter t v.违反, 背道而驰) their sense of the correct course of action.)

括号里应该是举例作用的句子?(我觉得是补充说明,)对吗?those是指其他普通经理(与前面并列呀, Most senior executives),which(which 就近指代,run不是runs, 妹妹你说是什么>)感觉指solutions或者是leery,这么理解对吗?

地板
发表于 2004-6-3 23:20:00 | 只看该作者

Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery (leery: SUSPICIOUS, WARY often used with of) of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to (run counter t v.违反, 背道而驰) their sense of the correct course of action.

括号里应该是举例作用的句子?(我觉得是补充说明,)对吗?those是指其他普通经理(与前面并列呀, Most senior executives)which(which 就近指代,run不是runs, 妹妹你说是什么?)感觉指solutions或者是leery,这么理解对吗?

5#
发表于 2004-6-3 23:59:00 | 只看该作者

1. 括号里的东东是对第四点第一句话的进一步延伸, 偶不感觉这是举例.

2. those指的是most senior executives

3. which指的是solution

用系统方法得出结论的经理人偶尔也会感到这个SOLUTION与他们意识里的正确行为背道而驰.

老实说, 这第四点是复杂的有点恶心.

6#
发表于 2004-6-4 00:57:00 | 只看该作者

those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.

挺好的一道语法题,嘿嘿,

which到底修饰谁哪?

1.      从语法角度,就近修饰, 修饰methods, 单复数一致,而且逻辑上解释的通.这些方法和他们的correct course of action 相counter.

2.      GMAT语法中还有一种允许的跳跃修饰是A 修饰A的分词 修饰A的定语从句.这里A就是solutions. 单复数一致,而且逻辑上也解释的通.

3.      leery of solutions ,leery是中心词,那么后面的定语从句应该修饰中心词, 不过这里单复数不一致,逻辑也不通.

继续讨论!

7#
发表于 2004-6-4 01:43:00 | 只看该作者

1. which指代的是solution. 当初我也曾认为是methods. 但这样句意不顺. 后来咨询了一位只会说英文的家伙. 他的第一反应就是which指代solution.

2. be leery of的意思是"意识到". 相当与一个短语"be leery of sth". 所以别太钻牛角间研究他的修饰成分. 尽量理解他的一种用法.

8#
 楼主| 发表于 2004-6-4 05:22:00 | 只看该作者

大家回贴好热心啊,感动ing,受益非浅...

我以前零散的总结过阅读,但三心二意,现在刚开始总结,之前还体会不到补充说明,就只是简单的把中心句后面的说明内容归为举例说明,现在,长知识了。

看了大家的分析,我再试一试。

Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.

Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally(有时候, 偶而) leery (leery: SUSPICIOUS, WARY often used with of) of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to (run counter t v.违反, 背道而驰) their sense of the correct course of action.

一个非常好的补充说明(我还是把它想作举例吧,一时半会转不过来)

这样,唯一遗留的问题是跳跃修饰的语法问题,我还没有学习过不知道,但是从这里的能结论的是which语法修饰solutions同时和leery没有逻辑冲突,换句话说,这里的限定性跨越修饰对象是所有格修饰部份。

感谢醋醋mm和版主,你们思路都好清楚的说,学习ing

9#
发表于 2004-6-5 00:13:00 | 只看该作者

修饰leery有冲突,主谓不一致

其实也是举例说明,加个for example,

10#
发表于 2005-5-20 19:50:00 | 只看该作者

I will analyse the articles as the niuniu do later.

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