3月28GMAT三战

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-1-17 17:25:43

记录下今天的状态，为2月18的二战做准备。
今天的结果：
M50 88%
V28 51%
Total 650 77%
原来真的是感觉题目简单了没法拿高分。
二战目标M51 V40 T750+ （2015/2/17）
二战结果
M50
V29
Total670
状态：做题不够兴奋和专注，做数学跑神了，和睡眠不足有关。做verbal部分时，阅读题读太慢，语法也有些点不能把握，逻辑基本靠半猜测，这两周没太花时间复习有关。

目标：这个帖子要每天来写，每天来总结知识点。不加链接了，直接复制过来，方便查看。
三站目标750+ M51 V40

计划
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1.两套GWD的SC，5题一组，然后看CD和manhattan上的staff解释
2.两套GWD的CR，5题一组
3.20个长难句（GRE－GMAT）
4.三篇阅读精读，句子结构，考题考点
5.NYtimes上的business板块的文章每天读完
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时间管理
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平常保证6:30pm到1:30am的复习强度，中间可以和人讨论
周末保证9:00am到晚12：00的复习强度
1.微信朋友圈，一天看一到两次就够，不聊天和gmat无关内容
2.facebook一天看两次就够
3.知乎只用来搜答案
4.睡觉时间控制在1：30；起床在7:30.起床后一定要吃早饭！
------------
CD上语法知识点总结
虚拟语气
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-290664-1-1.html
Provide和If
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-26271-1-1.html
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-907073-1-1.html

比较的深入分析
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-103101-1-1.html
附带大量练习
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-36523-1-1.html

Being 的正确使用情况
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-64041-1-1.html
There being出现就错

which用法总结
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... 459&highlight=which指代小结

with 用法总结以及独立主格的用法
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... B%E4%B8%BB%E6%A0%BC

absolute phrase
http://www.veritasprep.com/blog/2014/09/a-closer-look-at-absolute-phrases-on-the-gmat/

which跳跃指代
先更具规则来判断which指代的是什么，再判断这个指代是否正确，这个规则包括，which后的单复数判断，which指代物非时间（when／in which）或人（who）来判断。
the gmat tends to write sentences in which "which" stands for the eligible noun that is closet to the comma. By "eligible", i mean that the noun has to agree in terms of single/plural with the following verb

From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage yet was so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids
这句话把with small ribs and rails of cedar这个插入语去掉来判断，所以which指代canoe。

Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else.
根据具规则，which不可指代人，所以必须指代letters。正确

Unlike most other mergers in the utility industry, which have been driven by the need to save money and extend companies’ service areas, the merger of the nation’s leading gas company and leading electric company is intended to create a huge network for marketing the utilities in question as states open their utility markets to competition.
根据具规则，which后用了have，所以不可能指代industry。跳跃了。

In order to protect English manufacturers of woolen goods against both American and Irish competition, England passed the Woolens Act of 1698, which prohibited the export of woolen cloth beyond a colony's borders.
根据规则which不可以指代时间1698

Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
a technique called xxx，这里前后都是一样的东西，所以which指代哪个都对

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-20 15:11:35

because of V-ing 总是是错误的答案，
但是because of noun V－ing是正确的，因为Ving是修饰noun

On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crimepunishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold gold in the form ofbullion or coins, immigrants found that on arrival in the United States theyhad to surrender all of the gold they had brought with them.

A. On account of a law passed in 1993, making it a crimepunishable by imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

B. With a law passed in 1933 that makes it a crime punishableby imprisonment that a United States citizen hold

C. A law passed in 1933 that made it a crime punishable byimprisonment for a United States citizen holding

D. Because of a law passed in 1933 making it a crimepunishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

E. Due to a law being passed in 1933 that makes it a crimepunishable by imprisonment for a United States citizen to hold

这题选D。
because of后接law名词没有错
--
"because of X VERBing..."
this construction is incorrect if the causal agent (i.e., the thing that the "because" is attributed to) is the VERB.
for instance,

* we laughed all day because of tony walking into the girls' bathroom --> incorrect, because the verb (walking into the bathroom) is the reason why we were laughing all day.
the correct version of this sentence would read we laughed all day because of tony's walking into the girls' bathroom. in other words, if the causal agent is the action (which appears in -ing form), then it must be preceded by a possessive.

* estelle was afraid to move because of a spider sitting on the wall --> correct, because estelle is afraid because of the spider itself, not because of the spider's sitting on the wall.

this sentence should be read as an instance of the latter: it's the law itself that caused the immigrants' problems.

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-20 16:31:44

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zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-20 16:51:29

"A study has found that..." can be put in front of ANY tense, as long as the resulting meaning makes sense.

A study has found that most of the world's languages will go extinct in the next 100 years.

A study has found that the dinosaurs once dominated the earth.

A study has found that the human body excretes surplus calories on a ketogenic diet, rather than storing them as fat.

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 05:33:37

Despite recent increases in sales and cash flow that have propelled automobile companies' common stocks to new highs, several industry analysts expect automakers, in order to conserve cash, to set dividends more conservatively than they were.

A) to set dividends more conservatively than they were
B) to set dividends more conservatively than they have been
C) to be more conservative than they have been in setting dividends
D) that they will be more conservative than they were in setting dividends
E) that they will be more conservative than they have been to set dividends

OA: C
Ron解释：
whenever you use a parallel structure with omitted/elided words, the EXACT omitted word(s) MUST be present, IN PARALLEL STRUCTURE, elsewhere in the sentence. this means in exactly the same form - no alterations, no tense changes, no nothing.

this kills choice (b). that choice ends with "...than they have been", which omits a participle: in other words, it's actually "...than they have been ______", where the ______ is clearly seen to be setting (dividends).
since the EXACT WORD setting doesn't appear anywhere else in this sentence, the sentence is incorrect.

by contrast, choice (c) is a-ok on this point. this choice also contains "...than they have been (__________)", where the parallel concept, "(more) conservative", actually appears elsewhere in the sentence.

总结：在比较结构中，当比较的后部分出现了省略时，这个省略部分一定会出现在前文的某个部分，一定是没有做任何变化的。

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 10:46:45

Even though more money was removed out of stock funds in July as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as an industry trade group had previously estimated.

A.       as in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as
B.       as had been in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what
C.       than there was in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as that which
D.       than in any month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as  E
E.       than in any other month since October 1987, sales of fund shares in July were not as low as what

more  ... than ...结构排除AB，C中that 和which在一起用错
DE有两个不同
1.what是否多余
2.other是否多余
关于what...thought / estimate等问题，一般省略比较好，可是加上也不一定错，不能通过what来判断对错
这题的other一定要加上，比较July和other months，不加比较对象不对

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 12:22:33

A new hair-growing drug is being sold for three times the price, per milligram, as the drug’s maker charges for another product with the same active ingredient.
A.       as
B.       than
C.       that
D.       of what
E.       at which C

分析：
For C
this one isn't that bad if you get down to the "skeleton" of the sentence. to do that, you should kill intervening prepositional phrases that don't affect the grammar of the main sentence.
to this end, you can simply get rid of the following:
"per milligram"
"for another product"
"with the same active ingredient"
and you're left with:
a new drug is being sold for three times the price ____ the drug's maker charges.
once you see this, it should be more clear that (c) is the correct answer. if you're a non-native speaker and you can't recognize "that" as the word belonging in that blank, then here's the reason: it's because "price" is the direct object of "charges". when you turn around such constructions, you use "that":
i hit the ball --> the ball that i hit
she delivered the baby --> the baby that she delivered
etc.

For E
you can't say that the drug's maker "charges at a price" for the drug; therefore, the derivative construction "the price ... at which the drug's maker charges" is also wrong.
the correct idiom is "charges a price"; i.e., "price" is a direct object here. therefore, you have to say the price that the drug's maker charges.

--
For D
"what the drug's maker charges" is ... guess what ... a price.
therefore, "three times the price of what the drug's maker charges" would refer to the price of a price. that is illogical.
this construction is thus not only "wordy", but actually nonsensical.

--
For B
There's no word to go with "than" (more, less, bigger, greater, etc.)

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 18:16:52

Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future.

A. Reserve, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
B. Reserve, now viewing the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation and are
C. Reserve who, now viewing the economy as balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, are
D. Reserve, who now view the economy to be balanced between that of moderate growth and low inflation, will be
E. Reserve, which now views the economy to be balanced between moderate growth and low inflation, is A

分析
•view X to be Y is not idiomatic
View X as Y, here Y could be ADJ or NOUN
•remember that constructions appearing between two commas, unless they are part of a list (X, Y, and Z), are modifiers and can therefore be struck from the sentence.
in choice (c), the "who" is NOT part of the modifier (since it's outside the commas). therefore, if you strike it, you get
Many financial experts believe that policy makers at the Federal Reserve who ... are almost certain to leave interest rates unchanged for the foreseeable future
this is a sentence fragment; there is no main verb.
analogy:
my brother is a consultant --> this is a sentence.
my brother(,) who is a consultant --> this is a fragment.

(note that "Many financial experts believe that" is a completely disposable "warm-up" and can be disregarded without changing or restricting the grammar of the sentence at all.)

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 20:05:41

下面这种句子怎么解释，同位语吗？
1.Floating in the waters of the equatorial Pacific, an array of buoys collects and transmits data on long-term interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, interactions that affect global climate.

2.The state has proposed new rules that would set minimum staffing levels for nurses, rules intended to ensure that at least one nurse is assigned for every four patients put through triage in a hospital emergency room.

The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his“Essay on Heat and Light,” a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a newchemistry that Davy hoped to found.

A: a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a
B: a critique of all chemistry following Robert Boyle and also his envisioning of a
C: a critique of all chemistry after Robert Boyle and envisioning as well
D: critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and also a vision of A
E: critiquing all the chemistry done since Robert Boyle as well as his own envisioning of

The loan company announced it would soon lend money to borrowers with proven records of their notpaying back their loans on time, collectively known as the subprime lending market.

A)of their not paying back their loans on time,
B)of not paying back their loans on time, a group
C)of not paying back their loans on time, with such a group
D)that they do not pay back their loans on time,
E)that they do not pay back their loans on time, such a group  B

同位语总结：

同位语结构的形式: (参考白勇语法)
1)  名词性同位语, 名词解释名词:
n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.或 a/an + n. , n.
2)  that引导同位语结构:
抽象名词(evidence, result, principle等等) + that从句, that从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释
3)  概括性同位语结构:
用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的解释对象;短语/句子, a program/ an advance/ a practice that...
4) 名词重复性同位语结构:
n. , n.(重复所修饰的名词) + that...或 n. , the same n.(重复所修饰的名词) that...
2. as well as前后对称,并且应当注意的是在A as well as B的用法中,强调的是A。

zhouwenbin · 发表于 2015-2-21 20:16:01

Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve metropolitan Boston.
A.       Concerns about public health led to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems to serve
B.       Concerns about public health have led to the construction of three separate sewer systems between 1876 and 1904 to serve
C.       Concerns about public health have led between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving
D.       There were concerns about public health leading to the construction between 1876 and 1904 of three separate sewer systems serving
E.       There were concerns leading between 1876 and 1904 to the construction of three separate sewer systems for serving A

分析
错选B，between 1876 and 1904 一定要用完成时态，但是这里的led不是在这个时间段里进行的，而且即使用完成时，也得用过去完成时，因为动作没有持续到现在。

[size=1.3em]actually, the placement of the modifiers in choice (a) is actually better, and more logical, than the placement of the modifiers in choice (b).

notice that we have two modifiers that modify "construction":
* between 1876 and 1904
* of three separate sewer systems

although there are no 100% hard and fast rules for the placement of modifiers like these, the general idea is that you should place modifiers as close as possible to the things that they describe/modify.

in this case:
"between 1876 and 1904" describes the CONSTRUCTION.
"to serve metropolitan boston" should be attached to SEWER SYSTEMS.
both of these are properly placed in choice (a): the first modifier is placed next to "construction", and the second modifier is placed close to "sewer systems".

in choice (b), neither of these modifiers is placed appropriately close to the word that it actually modifies.

3月28GMAT三战

比较结构的省略

What 是否该省略

怎么做有插入语的compare题

View X as Y

同位语吗？

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