几道逻辑题，请帮助！谢谢。

木川 · 发表于 2003-7-24 05:48:00

首先声明，我确实是查看了版主所做的总结版，但是查得我头都晕了，也查不到我需要得题目，实在不敢浪费时间详细查看，所以请各位大侠帮忙解决一下我得棘手问题吧。
test 2-section1- I 第16题
16. The current proposal to give college students a broader choice in planning their own courses of study should be abandoned. The students who are supporting the proposal will never be satisfied, no matter what requirements are established. Some of these students have reached their third year without declaring a major. One first-year student has failed to complete four required courses. Several others have indicated a serious indifference to grades and intellectual achievement.
A flaw in the argument is that it does which one of the following?
(A) avoids the issue by focusing on supporters of the proposal
(B) argues circularly by assuming the conclusion is true in stating th e premises.
(C) fails to define the critical term "satisfied"
(D) distorts the proposal advocated by opponents
(E) users the term "student" equivocally
这道题目我死活看不出答案是A。就算是用suporter来反对此建议，又有什么错误呢？suporter都没有能够做好，那么反对得不是更有力么？
test3-section1-I第18题
The question whether intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe is certainly imprecise, because we are not sure how different from use something might be and still count as "intelligent life" Yet we cannot just decide to define "intelligent life" in some more precise way since it is likely that we will find and recognize intelligent life elsewhere in the universe only if we leave our definitions open to new, unimagined possibilities.
The passage, if seen as an objection to an antecedent claim. Challenges that claim by:
(A) showing the claim to be irrelevant to the issue at hand
(B) citing examples that fail to fit proposed definition of "intelligent life"
(C) claiming that "intelligent life" cannot be adequately defined.
(D) arguing that the claim, if acted on, would be counterproductive
(E) maintaining that the claim is not supported by the available evidence.
此题看不出逻辑结构。
23. When 100 people who have not used cocaine are tested for cocaine use, on average only 5 will test positive. By contrast. of every 100 people who have used cocaine 99 will test positive. Thus, when a randomly chosen group of people is tested for cocaine use. the vast majority of those who test positive will be people who have used cocaine.
A reasoning error in the argument is that the argument
(A) attempts to infer a value judgment from purely factual premises.
(B) attributes to every member of the population the properties of the average member of the population.
(C) fails to take into account what proportion of the population have used cocaine.
(D) ignores the fact that some cocaine users do not test positive.
(E) advocates testing people for cocaine use when there is no reason to suspect that they have used cocaine.
记得沸沸曾经说过，如果提干是数字，那么答案一定是在比率方面做文章。我记得这句话，可是就是看不出答案D哪里错了，而答案C又为什么正确？

本人实在愚钝，请高手指点一二。
感谢

linda_happy · 发表于 2003-7-24 11:08:00

第一题确实头痛，希望高人指教
第二题的答案是不是C呢？
第三题是这样的，它没有考虑在所抽取的样本group中，曾经用过可卡因的人所占的比例
就算测出来是最多的，但也不能说这一组人都吸食过可卡因

susan7375 · 发表于 2003-7-25 00:14:00

第一题：反对者没有去论述该观点是否有道理，而是指出supporter个人在学业上的问题，但他们的问题并不一定具有代表性。sample not representitive。
第二题：D。关于宇宙别的地方是否存在有智慧的生命的问题是不严密的，因为我们不知道究竟和我们有多大区别仍然可以被当做有智慧的生命。但我们不能决定以更精确的方式定义‘有智慧的生命’，因为有可能只有在我们将这个定义开放为新的，想像不到的可能性时，我们才能在宇宙别的地方发现和确认有智慧的生命。
这句话的意思是如果我们作了这个定义反而不能发现有智慧的生命。

木川 · 发表于 2003-7-28 07:01:00

谢谢susan和linda.

几道逻辑题，请帮助！谢谢。

几道逻辑题，请帮助！谢谢。

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