gwd-18-10

GWD-18-Q7-Q10

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced
by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered
a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past
events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct
from the capacity simply

to use
information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed
criteria to test for episodic

 (10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria,
episodic memories are not of

individual bits
of information; they involve

multiple
components of a single event

“bound”
together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of
“what,” “where,” and “when”

information and
their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these
birds store food

for retrieval
later during periods of food

 (20)      scarcity. 
Clayton’s experiment required

       jays
to remember the type, location, and

       freshness
of stored food based on a unique

learning
event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and
peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more
quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference
from crickets to peanuts

once the food
had been stored for a certain

length of time,
showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the
when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal
whether the birds were

       reexperiencing
the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

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9. Q10:

In order for Clayton’s experiment to show
that scrub jays have episodic-like memory, which of the following must be true in the
experiment?

1. Some of the jays retrieved stored peanuts on the first occasion
        they were allowed to retrieve food.
2. All the crickets were retrieved before any of the peanuts were.
3. The peanuts were stored further away than the crickets.
4. When a jay attempted to retrieve a cricket or a peanut, the jay
        was prevented from eating it.
5. Throughout the experiment the jays were fed at levels typical
        of a time of scarcity.

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A还是E?答案是E.但是我觉得两个都有道理。做的时候看到A就给选了。还没来得及看E.

A的理由是，既然实验是通过jay能不能在C怀疑后跑回去吃P来测试Jay能不能记住P在那里，什么时候这样的信息。那么肯定至少有一些jay曾经吃过P阿。

E的理由是，原文有句话是讲实验是在食物缺乏的条件下做的。

探讨探讨，我记得这个是13套里面的题目，但是我找不到了，今天做gwd22又做到了。