By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.
(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
1. 有by 1940这个 past time marker不是应该用过去完成时吗?
2. C如果 改成 earning them when....... 正确吗?根据OG的解释貌似是还是错误的,说“earning is close to the records, not to J C, making this sentence hard to process."
brfmzbjz 发表于 2014-7-9 22:15
1. by + 时间,时态要看具体的句子,用完成时是一个guideline, not a rule
这里hold是瞬间动词,不能使用完 ...
谢谢回帖!!!!!!!!!!
1. baby姐的回帖中提到held不是瞬间动词而是表状态的词诶:
“By 1940, the pilot JC held 14 speeding records”这一部分是没问题的,截止到1940年JC保持着14项纪录,其中held是个表状态的动词,跟"by 1940"搭调的。
但是manhattan里有这样一个例句:Bv 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several years.
had been at war 这个不是也是表状态吗?为什么这里使用了过去 完成时而35题不使用呢?
2. 我看了你贴的链接,感觉大致有两种解释:
(1)我们中文里经常简单说表伴随,但用英文解释应该是“the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action”,也就是表伴随的这个动作必须要 SUBORDINATE to the main action
held records 和 earn 之间不是从属的关系,而是equal importance,是彼此独立的两个动作,所以不能用“,Ving”,而应该用连词and
(2)创造(earn)纪录是一个瞬间,而保持(held)纪录是一种状态——时间段:从第一次earn这个动作点开始,持续到1940.时间段中又有多次的创造(earn)纪录的时间点。 瞬间的动作和状态是不simultaneous的,不能主句是从A到B的时间段,然后用v-ing来描述A这个起始的时间点。
经典表伴随的例句: i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
其实ran 和 flap,说是两个动作,但其实是一件事,只是flap处于low priority
所以从语义上分析也不能用earning
关于时态我想讨论一下
Bv 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year,你列出来的这个句子
我们这样分析一下,by 1945是给出了一个过去的时间点,for several yearsg给出了一个时间段,这个两个都是做时间状语修饰be动词,因此,我们可以用过去完成时
原句中,by 1940仅仅就只是一个过去的时间点,而且原句本意也不是想强调the pilot一直保持着这个记录,原句只是在叙述the pilot有这么多记录的一个事实,所以我觉得held是没有问题的