og13 sc 35题 时态问题和“comma+Ving"

alexdesire

AgendaChen 发表于 2014-7-31 18:22
关于时态我想讨论一下
Bv 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year，你列出来的这个句 ...

首先earning做状语，修饰整个主句的action，逻辑主语是主句主语
（1）我们中文里经常简单说表伴随，但用英文解释应该是“the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the main action”，也就是表伴随的这个动作必须要 SUBORDINATE to the main action
held records 和 earn 之间不是从属的关系，而是equal importance，是彼此独立的两个动作，所以不能用“，Ving”，而应该用连词and
（2）创造(earn)纪录是一个瞬间，而保持(held)纪录是一种状态——时间段：从第一次earn这个动作点开始，持续到1940.时间段中又有多次的创造(earn)纪录的时间点。 瞬间的动作和状态是不simultaneous的，不能主句是从A到B的时间段，然后用v-ing来描述A这个起始的时间点。
经典表伴随的例句： i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
其实ran 和 flap，说是两个动作，但其实是一件事，只是flap处于low priority
所以从语义上分析也不能用earning

AgendaChen

alexdesire 发表于 2014-7-31 22:00
首先earning做状语，修饰整个主句的action，逻辑主语是主句主语
（1）我们中文里经常简单说表伴随，但用 ...

呃，疑惑是为什么OG上说earning 有修饰最近名词的嫌疑

alexdesire

AgendaChen 发表于 2014-8-1 10:13
呃，疑惑是为什么OG上说earning 有修饰最近名词的嫌疑

og的一些解释……就无视吧

Amber.C

就GMAT论GMAT，by xxxx (year)，所修饰的动词可以用很多种时态，这取决于
（1）上下文，即句子的意思（SC只有一句话）；
（2）联系实际，即及时脑补（不是CR，要适当考虑）。
过去时，如题：By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records....... 为啥不是完成时呢？参考OG669：1940是个明确的时间点，而不是in the first 3 months of last year （谁知道last year到底是哪年？）；结合上下文明显是没有持续到现在。
完成时：现在完成时（略）。过去完成时By 1945. the United States HAD BEEN at war for several year. 1945年二战啊，二战应该没打到现在吧～。

Amber.C

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.

(A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were
(D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were
(E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were （correct）

考点：V－ing    &  when   &  so... that  
B/C改为 earning them at a time when aviation was still so new that for many of the planes she flew were of dangerously experimental design（表伴随）这样才正确。
这题和hold没有太大关系。
如果要用hold来考虑，分析如下：
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records
将1940视作一个时间点，到1940为止Jacqueline拿了17个记录，作者用了过去时而非完成时，说明作者只想表明那个时间点，而非时间段，对于1940来说hold这个单词在这个时间点是成立的，但是earning不是这个时间点能够实现的，earning需要的时间段。比如：小猪花了3年（1991/2/1-1993/2/1）长了100斤，那么在1993/2/1，小猪秤了下重130斤。长这个行为需要时间段，而秤重这个动作就那么一个时间点。