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第一段讲以前认为月球很平坦，但是现在发现月球上有很多坑，然后说月球表面的什么土什么的对机器有损害，对人的肺也是。（后面有考题，问说如果不是宇航员上月球而是用机器人，那么下面那个是正确的：基本确认，选择说如果机器人能够避免月球表面的对metal的腐蚀那么这个计划就是顺利的。总之是有个unless的选项，大概是C吧）
第二段是讲到了APOLO阿波罗号带回来的什么样本，然后科学家只有simulate模拟这种月球的土质才能以后在月球上built观测点开发月球。（这里有题，好象是infer题吧，大概是选科学家只有运用这种simulant（这词我不太懂，约摸是对土质的模拟的意思吧）才能够进行试验）。然后说现在能够模拟出那些那些方面的regional 土质来了。一大堆细节，不重要。
这篇考到的话要好好看哈，反正挺烦的。。。拖我时间了的。
然后第三段不太重要。
Until the Apollo astronautsbrought lunar soil samples to Earth during 1969-72, the belief was that theMoon's dry, airless environment left the soil largely undisturbed. Reality ismuch harsher. A speck of Moon dirt. The strange shape tells a tale of violence:It results from the welding（焊接）of rock, mineral and glass by the heat of micrometeoroid impacts. Micrometeorites,many smaller than a pencil point, constantly rain onto the surface at up to100,000 km/hr (about 62,000 mph), chipping off materials or forming microscopic(tiny)impact craters(坑). Some meltthe soil and vaporize and re-condense as glassy coats on other specks of dust. Impacts weld debris into"agglutinates.（attach）" Complicated interactions with the solarwind convert iron in the soil into myriads(mutiple) of "nano-phase（superhard material）" metallic iron grainsjust a few nanometers wide. These processes form the "regolith" --Greek for stone blanket (litho + rhegos) -- covering the Moon's surface.
The Apollo specimens areAmerica's Crown Jewels and are doled(施舍)out in ultra-small samples toscientists who can demonstrate that nothing else will do for high-valueexperiments. Renewed interest in lunar exploration in the late 1980smeant that lunar simulants were needed to test schemes（计划） for building structures on the Moon or forextracting oxygen and other materials. That led to JSC-1 in 1993, madeof basaltic volcaniccinder cone deposits from a quarry near Flagstaff, AZ. The 25-ton lot --distributed in 50-pound bags -- proved popular.
MSFC is developing three newsimulants. Two will represent mare（thelarge dark areas on the Moon）and polar highlands regions. A third will represent the glassy, sharp, jagged(锯齿状的) edges of regolith thattest the best of hardware（指器械） andhumans. But matching every location on the Moon would require large numbers of small,unique, expensive batches.
"Instead, we willdevelop root simulants and manufacture specific simulants from these, but alsoenable investigators to enhance the products as needed," McLemore added."I liken this process to baking a cake: depending on the type of cake youwant, you need certain ingredients for it to come out right and taste right.Getting the recipe right whether for a cake or lunar simulants iscritical." For example, the new mare simulant will be enriched withilmenite（a mineral）, a crystalline iron-titanium oxide. Source materials used toproduce the three simulants will potentially come from locations as diverse asMontana, Arizona, Virginia, Florida, Hawaii, and even some international sites. |
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发表于 2014-2-16 20:48:28
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