【3月6日作业】
公正？该如何是好？ 这是哈佛大学非常出名的一个哲学系列，关于什么是哲学正义？ 谢谢Colin 的推荐，希望大家喜欢
【5道加强逻辑题目】
Smithtown University's fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted. This success rate, exceptionally high for university fund-raisers, does not indicate that they were doing a good job. On the contrary, since the people most likely to donate are those who have donated in the past, good fund-raisers constantly try less-likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base. The high success rate shows insufficient canvassing effort.
Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument? (A) Smithtown University's fund-raisers were successful in their contacts with potential donors who had never given before about as frequently as were fund-raisers for other universities in their contacts with such people. (B) This year the average size of the donations to Smithtown University from new donors when the university's fund-raisers had contacted was larger than the average size of donations from donors who had given to the university before. (C) This year most of the donations that came to Smithtown University from people who had previously donated to it were made without the university's fund-raisers having made any contact with the donors. (D) The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Smithtown University this year were from donors who had never given to the university before. (E) More than half of the money raised by Smithtown University's fund-raisers came from donors who had never previously donated to the university.
Consumers planning to buy recreational equipment tend to buy higher quality, more expensive equipment when the economy is strong than when it is weak. Hill and Dale is a business that sells high-quality, expensive camping and hiking equipment in Batavia. Although all the signs are that Batavia’s economy is now entering a period of sustained strength, the managers of the business do not expect a substantial increase in sales.
Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest justification for the managers' judgment? (A) A significant proportion of Hill and Dale's sales are made to customers who enter the store in order to buy one particular item but, once there, find other items to buy as well. (B) In Bavaria when the economy is strong, those who might otherwise go camping tend to take vacations overseas. (C) The economic upturn is likely to allow Bavaria’s national parks, where most of the camping and hiking is done, to receive extra funding to improve their visitor facilities. (D) Advances in materials technology have led to the development of hiking and camping equipment that is more comfortable and lightweight than before. (E) Many people in Bavaria not only are committed to preserving the country's wilderness areas but also are interested in spending some time in them.
In general, jobs are harder to get in times of economic recession because many businesses cut back operations. However, any future recessions in Virginias will probably not reduce the availability of teaching jobs at government-funded schools. This is because Virginia has just introduced a legal requirement that education in government-funded schools be available, free of charge, to all Virginian children regardless of the state of the economy, and that current student-teacher ratios not be exceeded. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? (A) The current student-teacher ratio at Virginias’ government-funded schools is higher than it was during the most recent period of economic recession. . (B) During recent periods when the Virginian economy has been strong, almost 25 percent of Virginian children have attended privately funded schools, many of which charge substantial fees. . (C) Nearly 20 percent more teachers are currently employed in Virginias’ government-funded schools than had been employed in those schools in the period before the last economic recession. . (D) Teachers in Virginias’ government-funded schools are well paid relative to teachers in most privately funded schools in Virginia, many of which rely heavily on part-time teachers. . (E) During the last economic recession in Virginia, the government permanently closed a number of the schools that it had funded.
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white-footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease-would likely decline. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument? (A) Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans. . (B) There are no known cases of a human's contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice. . (C) A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage. . (D) A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae. . (E) None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.
Among the more effective kinds of publicity that publishers can get for a new book is to have excerpts of it published in a high-circulation magazine soon before the book is published. The benefits of such excerption include not only a sure increase in sales but also a fee paid by the magazine to the book's publisher. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above? (A) The number of people for whom seeing an excerpt of a book in a magazine provides an adequate substitute for reading the whole book is smaller than the number for whom the excerpt stimulates a desire to read the book. . (B) Because the financial advantage of excerpting a new book in a magazine usually accrues to the book's publisher, magazine editors are unwilling to publish excerpts from new books. . (C) In calculating the total number of copies that a book has sold, publishers include sales of copies of magazines that featured an excerpt of the book. . (D) The effectiveness of having excerpts of a book published in a magazine, measured in terms of increased sales of a book, is proportional to the circulation of the magazine in which the excerpts are published. . (E) Books that are suitable for excerpting in high-circulation magazines sell more copies than books that are not suitable for excerpting. | 
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发表于 2014-3-5 20:17:43
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