数学放完了放点还记得的作文阅读

只是一个梦 · 发表于 2015-2-14 15:17:53

换库第一天这酸爽不提了，默默滚去背单词三战，说GMAT不要单词的你给我站住，我保证不打死你

作文好像是说提高员工效率能提高公司利润。公司把钱投到了如何快速有效获取信息啥的technology上，能够提高员工效率。因此改进这样的技术能够让公司提高profit margin。公司通过采用这种战略可以让投入的每一分钱都提高利润。

阅读：
1.关于全球化的。全球化有三个s开头的什么单词。第一个说传统观点认为什么什么（与product的种类有关的）一个叫S的人argue说不是这样的，提出了什么依据，说麦叔叔也有针对当地的产品。第二个说全球化企业有统一的standardization，会怎么咋么样，然后S又反驳说。。。。。第三个是。。。失忆
（这个比较简单，题目也比较容易）
2.关于海豚的，就两段，科学类文章，希望考古君考古以下。
P1 大概是关于海豚有一个传统的观点，它的超声波（？我考场上脑补的）的原理还是什么的。然后不同的科学家有不同的观点。。。
P2 实际上观点是什么什么，它发出声波是为了辨别障碍物。。。又说如果一段时间不收到则是为了什么什么。
（残成这样对不起大家）

姣姣爱小辣椒 · 发表于 2015-2-14 17:58:41

谢谢楼主

qq90731 · 发表于 2015-2-14 18:25:06

考古：　全文一共4段，一屏半多，但是结构非常清晰，内容也很易懂。主要在refute三个关于globalization原因的观点。第一个传统观念是说大企业推动了globalization，但作者及作者提到的专家则认为事实上中小企业比大企业更加灵活，固定资产更少，移动也更加方便。第二个传统观点是产品标准化推动了全球化，这里举了一个反例，说麦当劳在全世界各地的菜单是非常因地制宜的，因此并不是标准化而是customerization促使全球化。第三个传统观念是说地理限制越来越小。这里作者说了其实交通成本在当下依然是很高的，所以这个说法也不对。最后说产业集群效应倒是有可能成为企业克服交通成本进行全球化的动力，举了硅谷为例。
　　V3【By Juvia】
　　最后一篇记得挺清楚的，说关于globalization有几个论断，但是S的观点都驳斥了这些论断。第一个不记得了，第二个是说大公司都更标准化大批量，而小一点的公司反而更能适应local的环境，然后举了麦当劳在不同地方卖不同东西来支持这个localization。后面有一题是问麦当劳的例子说明什么，明显就是麦当劳是一个S观点中的榜样。第三点是说跨国公司已经可以基本无视掉地理因素了，然后S认为其实很多东西的产地还是挺受限的。最后提了一个概念大概是industry cluster大概就是资源地域，就是说集中性资源的反而形成了一个小的地域优势，比如美国硅谷，这种资源地域因为其不可替代性所以挺长久的。
　　考古+分析【By 元叔】
　　※ 主题思路：
　　人们对全球化通常有三个看法：大公司表现好，商品标准化，地域化;作者加以驳斥
　　※ 段落大意：
　　第一段：对全球化的通常有三个看法，但这往往是人们的误区，文章就分别对着三种通常的看法进行一一的驳斥
　　第二段：驳斥第一个误区：大公司表现好
　　误区：通常人们认为globalization中大公司表现更好，更容易成功。大公司比小公司更容易更适合在全球化环境中生存。
　　驳斥：小公司更容易生存。小公司的固定成本低，并且他非常的灵活：有多些弹性改变调整运营并且小公司也不需要考虑过多其他的因素。
　　第三段：驳斥第二个误区：商品标准化
　　误区：商品标准化。
　　驳斥：是在全球化环境中，商品标准化看似必须，其实并不适合。全球化不代表都要生产标准化的东西，统一这些生产准则。举例麦当劳的例子(说麦当劳注重各地方居民的饮食习惯，提供不同的特色品种，结果取得了很好的效果)
　　第四段：驳斥第三个误区：地域化的不重要性
　　误区：在全球化的时代地域geographic(公司建在什么地方)在globalization中已经不那么重要了。
　　驳斥：在全球化的过程中，打算做全球生意的公司，建立跨国企业是必须的。然而国与国之间的运输成本大小会影响公司决策的，使其最后能不能走向全球化。
　　第五段：作者发表观点：对第三段进行补充
　　地域化的例子是企业群，比如说硅谷，然后说了这种模式的优势。全球化其中一个趋势business cluster开始产生，文章说所谓的business cluster就是将所有的资源与技术集中在同一处，例如硅谷就拥有许多技术劳工跟资金资助，这使得硅谷在短时间内很难被取而代之。
　　※ 备注：
　　1)小公司的固定成本比较低;调整运营也很方便
　　2)麦当劳根据不同的地方弄出了不同的特色品种;打造了自己的品牌
　　3)地域差异化的标准使得越来越多的公司更看重运输成本，通过此来决策。
　　4) 硅谷是地域化的代表：企业群;把资源和技术都集中在硅谷一处，让他无法替代
　　※ 题目：
　　1)中小企业的叙述能infer出什么来。
　　我选中小企业的变动成本比较大。有个选项说中小企业比大企业有较多flexibility，我犹豫了很久，后来觉得这应该是文中本来就有的信息，大概不能算infer吧，所以选了前头那个。大家参考就好)
　　2)business cluster的相关叙述哪个是对的。
　　我选每一个business cluster都具有独一无二生产要素组合，此处有两个迷惑选项，一个说cluster的主要竞争优势就是容易取得优秀的劳工与大量资金，另一个是说cluster在未来会越来越赚钱
　　※ 引申：
　　Business cluster的介绍：维基百科
　　This term business cluster, also known as an industry cluster, competitive cluster, or Porterian cluster, was introduced and popularized by Michael Porter in The Competitive Advantage of Nations (1990).The importance of economic geography, or more correctly geographical economics, was also brought to attention by Paul Krugman in Geography and Trade (1991). Cluster development has since become a focus for many government programs. The underlying concept, which economists have referred to as agglomeration economies, dates back to 1890, and the work of Alfred Marshall.
　　Michael Porter claims that clusters have the potential to affect competition in three ways: by increasing the productivity of the companies in the cluster, by driving innovation in the field, and by stimulating new businesses in the field. According to Porter, in the modern global economy, comparative advantage, how certain locations have special endowments (i.e., harbor, cheap labor) to overcome heavy input costs, is less relevant. Now, competitive advantage, how companies make productive use of inputs, requiring continual innovation, is more important.
　　Put in another way, a business cluster is a geographical location where enough resources and competences amass reach a critical threshold, giving it a key position in a given economic branch of activity, and with a decisive sustainable competitive advantage over other places, or even a world supremacy in that field (i.e. Silicon Valley and Hollywood).
　　Silicon Valley case
　　In the mid- to late 1990s several successful computer technology related companies emerged in Silicon Valley in California. This led anyone who wished to create a startup company to do so in Silicon Valley. The surge in the number of Silicon Valley startups led to a number of venture capital firms relocating to or expanding their Valley offices. This in turn encouraged more entrepreneurs to locate their startups there.
　　In other words venture capitalists (sellers of finance) and dot-com startups (buyers of finance) "clustered" in and around a geographical area.
　　The cluster effect in the capital market also led to a cluster effect in the labor market. As an increasing number of companies started up in Silicon Valley, programmers, engineers etc. realized that they would find greater job opportunities by moving to Silicon Valley. This concentration of technically skilled people in the valley meant that startups around the country knew that their chances of finding job candidates with the proper skill-sets were higher in the valley, hence giving them added incentive to move there. This in turn led to more high-tech workers moving there. Similar effects have also been found in the Cambridge IT Cluster (UK)

qq90731 · 发表于 2015-2-14 18:33:16

考古：Paragraph 1: 海豚怎样辨别自己的声音让专家觉得很有意思之类。。。因为在海里有很多很多的杂音。还举了一个浅水地方的例子，说海底里有很多小虾子发出的 clicksParagraph 2: 海豚发出的click trains and whistles seem designed to distinguish their own sounds from the others'. 而且whistles 有很规律性的变法 (unvarying pattern)。实验里面证明了海豚会等到接受了第一个clicks 的echo之后才发出第二个click trains
讲海豚如何分辨同类的叫声和水下的杂音
题目：
Q1：海豚的声纳系统可以区分很多人耳无法辨别的声音：比如一种虾，发出的声音很像是海豚发出的，人类一般不能区别出。[此处有题，答案是海豚对各种声音的辨别力比人类强
Q2：问emission的性质，答案是频率改变，但是有规律可循，可以预测。]
Q3：它们通常会在发出声音之后, 等一下听回音之类的, 藉以分辨出她们自己的声音和海底其它吵杂的声音
Q4：考了一题assumption

qq90731 · 发表于 2015-2-14 18:43:38

Echolocation - the location of objects by their echoes - is a highly specialized faculty that enables dolphins to explore their environment and search out their prey in a watery world where sight is often of little use. As sound travels four and a half times faster in water than in air, the dolphin's brain must be extremely well adapted in order to make a rapid analysis of the complicated information provided by the echoes.
Although the ability to echolocate has only been proven experimentally for a few odontocete species, the anatomical evidence - the presence of the melon, nasal sacs and specialized skull structures - suggests that all dolphins have this ability.
The dolphin is able to generate sound in the form of clicks, within its nasal sacs, situated behind the melon. The frequency of this click is higher than that of the sounds used for communication and differs between species. The melon acts as a lens which focuses the sound into a narrow beam that is projected in front of the animal.
When the sound strikes an object, some of the energy of the soundwave is reflected back towards the dolphin. It would appear that the panbone in the dolphin's lower jaw receives the echo, and the fatty tissue behind it transmits the sound to the middle ear and thence to the brain. It has recently been suggested that the teeth of the dolphin, and the mandibular nerve that runs through the jawbone may transmit additional information to the dolphin's brain.
As soon as an echo is received, the dolphin generates another click. The time lapse between click and echo enables the dolphin to evaluate the distance between it and the object; the varying strength of the signal as it is received on the two sides of the dolphin's head enable it to evaluate direction. By continuously emitting clicks and receiving echoes in this way, the dolphin can track objects and home in on them.
The echolocation system of the dolphin is extremely sensitive and complex. Using only its acoustic senses, a bottlenose dolphin can discriminate between practically identical objects which differ by ten per cent or less in volume or surface area. It can do this in a noisy environment, can whistle and echolocate at the same time, and echolocate on near and distant targets simultaneously - feats which leave human sonar experts gasping.

钱某人 · 发表于 2015-2-14 19:40:03

谢谢大家啦

nekogiri · 发表于 2015-2-14 20:51:58

谢谢搂主~！考古君辛苦了~！

mariko_isis · 发表于 2015-2-15 11:16:33

认真地读完了，谢谢整理～！

[原始] 数学放完了放点还记得的作文阅读

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