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Traditional social science models of class groups in the United States are based on economic status and assume that women's economic status derives from association with men, typically fathers or husbands, and that women therefore have more compelling common interest with men of their own economic class than with women outside it. Some feminist social scientists, by contrast, have argued that the basic division in American society is instead based on gender, and that the total female population, regardless of economic status, constitutes a distinct class. Social historian Mary Ryan, for example, has argued that in early-nineteenth-century America the identical legal status of working-class and middle-class free women outweighed the differences between women of these two classes: married women, regardless of their family's wealth, did essentially the same unpaid domestic work, and none could own property or vote. Recently, though, other feminist analysts have questioned this model, examining ways in which the condition of working-class women differs from that of middle-class women as well as from that of working-class men. Ann Oakley notes, for example, that the gap between women of different economic classes widened in the late nineteenth century: most working-class women, who performed wage labor outside the home, were excluded from the emerging middle-class ideal of femininity centered around domesticity and volunteerism.
Question 16:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) offer social historical explanations for the cultural differences between men and women in the United States
(B) examine how the economic roles of women in the United States changed during the nineteenth century
(C) consider differing views held by social scientists concerning women's class status in the United States
(D) propose a feminist interpretation of class structure in the United States
(E) outline specific distinctions between working-class women and women of the upper and middle classes
Question 17:
It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?
(A) Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender
(B) Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender
(C)  rovide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status
(D) Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender
(E) Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists
Question 18:
Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between traditional social science models of class and Ryan's model, as described in the passage?
(A) Ryan's model differs from the traditional model by making gender, rather than economic status, the determinant of women's class status.
(B) The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in its assumption that women are financially dependent on men.
(C) Ryan's model of class and the traditional social science model both assume that women work, either within the home or for pay.
(D) The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in that each model focuses on a different period of American history.
(E) Both Ryan's model of class and the traditional model consider multiple factors, including wealth, marital status, and enfranchisement, in determining women's status.
分析
传统理论：在美国，阶级分类的传统社会科学模式是以经济地位为基础且认为妇女的经济地位源于男人， 所以与同阶级以外的妇女相比，男人与同一阶级的妇女有着更多的公共利益。
女权社会学家理论（反驳上一理论）：在美国，阶级的基础分类取决于性别。而且是女性的数量而不是经济地位，组成特定的阶级。举例Mary Ryan说明。
最近其他女权分析家： 怀疑之前女权社会学家的理论-认为不同阶层的妇女差距拉大。工人阶层妇女的情况与中产阶级妇女、工人阶层男人的情况都不同。在外参加工作的工人阶层妇女不能融入中产阶级妇女对于女权家庭生活和志愿活动的idea。
Q1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A)offer social historical explanations for the cultural differences between men and women in the United States
(B)examine how the economic roles of women in the United States changed during the nineteenth century
(C)consider differing views held by social scientists concerning women's class status in the United States
(D)propose a feminist interpretation of class structure in the United States
(E)outline specific distinctions between working-class women and women of the upper and middle classes
A.本篇主题与cultural differences无关
B.本篇主题与economic roles of women in the United States changed无关
C.Correct 本篇讲述对一种问题的三个不同看法
E.本片没有重点比较两个阶级，何况upper一词都没有出现。
Q2. It can be inferred from the passage that the most recent feminist social science research on women and class seeks to do which of the following?
(A)Introduce a divergent new theory about the relationship between legal status and gender
(B)Illustrate an implicit middle-class bias in earlier feminist models of class and gender
(C)Provide evidence for the position that gender matters more than wealth in determining class status
(D)Remedy perceived inadequacies of both traditional social science models and earlier feminist analyses of class and gender
(E)Challenge the economic definitions of class used by traditional social scientists
定位：most recent feminist social science research也就是第三个观点
A.legal status是在第一个观点出现的，且第三个观点说的是“工人阶层妇女的情况与中产阶级妇女、工人阶层男人的情况都不同。”而不是“relationship between legal status and gender“
B.第三个观点不是“阐述一个之前的middle-class bias”而是“question this model”
C.第三个观点说的是“工人阶层妇女的情况与中产阶级妇女、工人阶层男人的情况都不同。”而不是强调“gender matters more than wealth in determining class status“
D.Correct。Question完了解释recent的想法，就是修正咯~
E.第三个观点是question之前女权社会学家的model，并没有challenge 传统社会学家
Q3.Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between traditional social science models of class and Ryan's model, as described in the passage?
(A)Ryan's model differs from the traditional model by making gender, rather than economic status, the determinant of women's class status.
(B)The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in its assumption that women are financially dependent on men.
(C)Ryan's model of class and the traditional social science model both assume that women work, either within the home or for pay.
(D)The traditional social science model of class differs from Ryan's in that each model focuses on a different period of American history.
(E)Both Ryan's model of class and the traditional model consider multiple factors, including wealth, marital status, and enfranchisement, in determining women's status.
A.Correct 第二个理论：在美国，阶级的基础分类取决于性别。而且是女性的数量而不是经济地位，组成特定的阶级。
B.两个理论最大的不同是：到底是经济地位还是性别，决定女性的地位。两个理论的区别不是：承认或否认“女性在经济上依赖男性“这个事实。
C.两个理论都没有对“妇女不是工作就是在家“这个状态进行分析。
D.两个理论的不同是因为观念不同，而不是因为“focuses on a different period of American history （针对不同时期美国历史）“
E.Ryan：认为是married women(marital status同意替换词)，legal status（enfranchisement同意替换词）, wealth。traditional model：认为是women's economic status。所以传统观点没有提到“wealth, marital status, and enfranchisement“这三个因素决定女性地位。
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发表于 2013-1-19 05:26:53
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