The United States government has a long-standing policy of using federal funds to keep small business viable. The Small Business Act of 1953 authorized the Small Business Administration (SBA) to enter into contracts with government agencies having procurement powers and to arrange for fulfillment of these contracts by awarding subcontracts to small businesses. In the mid-1960's, during the war on poverty years, Congress hoped to encourage minority entrepreneurs by directing such funding to minority businesses. At first this funding was directed toward minority entrepreneurs with very low incomes. A 1967 amendment to the Economic Opportunity Act directed the SBA to pay special attention to minority-owned businesses located in urban or rural areas characterized by high proportions of unemployed or low-income individuals. Since then, the answer given to the fundamental question of who the recipients should be--the most economically disadvantaged or those with the best prospects for business success--has changed, and the social goals of the programs have shifted, resulting in policy changes.
The first shift occurred during the early 1970's. While the goal of assisting the economically disadvantaged entrepreneur remained, a new goal emerged: to remedy the effects of past discrimination. In fact, in 1970 the SBA explicitly stated that their main goal was to increase the number of minority-owned businesses. At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed. This ownership gap was held to be the result of past discrimination. Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem. In that context, providing funding to minority entrepreneurs in middle- and high-income brackets seemed justified.
In the late 1970's, the goals of minority-business funding programs shifted again. At the Minority Business Development Agency, for example, the goal of increasing numbers of minority-owned firms was supplanted by the goal of creating and assisting more minority-owned substantive firms with future growth potential. Assisting manufacturers or wholesalers became far more important than assisting small service businesses. Minority-business funding programs were now justified as instruments for economic development, particularly for creating jobs in minority communities of high unemployment.
1，It can be inferred that the "ownership gap" (see highlighted text) would be narrowed if which of the following were to occur? (D) The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons. 我选的是 C）minority entrepreneurs hired a percentage of minority employees equal to the percentage of minority residents in their own communities 不太理解。。
2，According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following? (B) Narrowing the ownership gap 这个ownership gap中文是什么意思？指的是什么？
你的两道题目的原文对应点都在这里 to remedy the effects of past discrimination. In fact, in 1970 the SBA explicitly stated that their main goal was to increase the number of minority-owned businesses. At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed. This ownership gap was held to be the result of past discrimination. Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem. In that context, providing funding to minority entrepreneurs in middle- and high-income brackets seemed justified. 1 第一题是说的俄是所有权差距会被缩小，上原文的对应点去找答案 文章说在哪个时候minorities是国家人口的百分之七十，但是是却只占有国家自雇的百分之四 Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem 看到remedy this problem 也就能推出答案了 2 其实你不用知道ownership的意思就可以完成阅读的 ownership gap 直接翻译为所有权的差距
ownership gap 体现在哪里？ At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed 对吧 仔细看d选项 The percentage of self-employed minority persons 是不是与原文的only four percent of the nation's self-employed对应 d选项没问题 c选项是啥意思？你是怎么理解的？他不成逻辑啊
这题我也选了C，思考了一下，大概是这样吧~ At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed.（少数民族人口占全国17%，但做老板的就占全国self-employed的4%）
Increasing the number of minority-owned firms （增加少数民族所有企业，增加做老板的少数民族）was seen as a way to remedy this problem.
(C) Minority entrepreneurs hired a percentage of minority employees equal to the percentage of minority residents in their own communities. （想要做老板的少数民族增加，不是想少数民族员工增加）
(D) The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons.(少数民族老板占全国总老板数增加了，ownership-gap自然就缩短了~)
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发表于 2010-3-8 17:34:03
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