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PASSAGE 39
* Historians sometimes forget that history is conunu- ally being made and experienced before it is studied, interpreted, and read. These latter activities have their own history, of course, which may impinge in unex-
5) pected ways on public events. It is difficult to predict when "new pasts" will overturn established historical interpretations and change the course of history.
* In the fall of 1954, for example, C. Vann Woodward delivered a lecture series at the University of Virginia
10) which challenged the prevailling dogma concerning the history, continuity, and uniformity of racial segregation in the South. He argued that the Jim Crow laws of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries not only codified traditional practice but also were a determined
15) effort to erase the considerable progress made by Black people during and after Reconstruction in the 1870's. This revisionist view of Jim Crow legislation grew in Part from the research that Woodward had done for the NAACP legal campaign during its preparation for
20) Brown v. Board of Education. The Supreme Court had issued its ruling in this epochal desegregation case a few months before Woodward's lectures. The lectures were soon published as a book. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Ten years later, in a
25) preface to the second revised edition. Woodward confessed with ironic modesty that the first edition "had begun to suffer under some of the handicaps that might be expected in a history of the American Revolu- tion published in 1776." That was a bit like hearing
30)Thomas Paine apologize for the timing of his pamphlet Common Sense, which had a comparable impact. Although Common Sense also had a mass readership. Paine had intended to reach and inspire: he was not a historian, and thus not concerned with accuracy or the
35) dangers of historical anachronism. Yet, like Paine, Woodward had an unerring sense of the revolutionary moment, and of how historical evidence could under- mine the mythological tradition that was crushing the dreams of new social possibilities. Martin Luther King,
40) Jr.. testified to the profound effect of The Strange Career of Jim Crow on the civil rights movement by praising the book and quoting it frequently.
3. Which of the following is the best example of writingthat is likely to be subject to the kinds of "handicaps"referred to in line 27?
(A) A history of an auto manufacturing plant written by an employee during an autobuying boom
(B) A critique of a statewide school-desegregation planwritten by an elementary school teacher in that state
(C) A newspaper article assessing the historicalimportance of a United States President writtenshortly after the President has taken office
(D) A scientific paper describing the benefits of acertain surgical technique written by the surgeonwho developed the technique
(E) Diary entries narrating the events of a battle writtenby a soldier who participated in the battle
答案是C，偶看不出来。
PASSAGE 40
* Joseph Glarthaar's Forged in Battle is not the first excel- lent study of Black soldiers and their White officers in the Civil War, but it uses more soldiers' letters and diaries— including rare material from Black soldiers—and concen-
5) rates more intensely on Black-White relations in Black regiments than do any of its predecessors. Glathaar's title expresses his thesis: loyalty, friendship, and respect among White officers and Black soldiers were fostered by the mutual dangers they faced in combat.
10 ) Glarthaar accurately describes the government's discrim- inatory treatment of Black soldiers in pay, promotion, medi cal care, and job assignments, appropriately emphasizing the campaign by Black soldiers and their officers to get the opportunity to fight. That chance remained limited through
15) out the war by army policies that kept most Black units serving in rear-echelon assignments and working in labor battalions. Thus, while their combat death rate was only one-third that of White units, their mortality rate from disease, a major killer in his war, was twice as great.
20) Despite these obstacles, the courage and effectiveness of several Black units in combat won increasing respect from initially skeptical or hostile White soldiers. As one White officer put it, "they have fought their way into the respectof all the army."
*
25) In trying to demonstrate the magnitude of this attitudi- nal change, however, Glarthaar seems to exaggerate the prewar racism of the White men who became officers in Black regiments. "Prior to the war," he writes of these men, "virtually all of them held powerful racial prejudices."
30) While perhaps true of those officers who joined Black units for promotion or other self-serving motives, this state- ment misrepresents the attitudes of the many abolitionists who became officers in Black regiments. Having spent years fighting against the race prejudice endemic in Ameri-
35) can society; they participated eagerly in this military exper- iment, which they hoped would help African Americans achieve freedom and postwar civil equality. By current standards of racial egalitarianism, these men's paternalismtoward African Americans was racist. But to call their
40) feelings "powerful racial prejudices" is to indulge in generational chauvinism—to judge past eras by present standards.
7. Which of the following best describes the kind of errorattributed to Glarthaar in lines 25-28?
(A) Insisting on an unwarranted distinction between twogroups of individuals in order to render an argumentconcerning them internally consistent
(B) Supporting an argument in favor of a given interpretationof a situation with evidence that is not particularlyrelevant to the situation
(C) Presenting a distorted view of the motives of certainindividuals in order to provide grounds for a negativeevaluation of their actions
(D) Describing the conditions prevailing before a givenevent in such a way that the contrast with thoseprevailing after the event appears more striking than itactually is
(E) Asserting that a given event is caused by another eventmerely because the other event occurred before the givenevent occurred
答案D我选C。文章相应部分说的是G这个人夸大了战前的这种歧视，他犯的错误是用现在的标准来评价过去。选项C是说扭曲的什么什么，夸大也是一种扭曲呀，D说的是用现在的方式来看以前，当然是对的。但C错哪了呢？ | 
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发表于 2005-1-3 12:27:00
