og 110

110. It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year.

(A)            the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year

(B)            the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial output and tax revenues

(C)            illiteracy costs the United States at least $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues

(D)            $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy

(E)lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of illiteracy

In choices A, B, and D, the combined use of annual and a year is redundant. Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost. Choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss. Concise, logically worded, and idiomatic, choice C is best.

这题的B答案，如果没有前面的annual是不是就对了？

还有一个问题顺便请教

be credited with和credit to里面，是不是前者的credited是形容词，后者的是动词，所以后面更的介词不同呢？

OG写得很清楚in/because of的区别；此外，the cost of illitercy不及动词表达明确，动词强调了因果关系，而名次结构无法表达这种关系。所以，即便B的阿annual去掉，也不对。

credit和with/to连用，可以作动词，也可以作形容词。

比如be credit with/to doing 作形容词

credit A with/to B 作动词

cost of sth 和cost to sb都有这样的用法，对于本题，cost to sb of sth OG里说不对了，那么B选项中cost of sth to sb对吗？

没有查到cost to sb, 字典中只有 at a cost to sb,
我想这个应该是对的吧：at a (cost of sth) to sb

我对E的解释好象不是很清楚

OG说混淆了因果关系

我觉得也解释的通,

因为lost industrial output and tax revenues 花费了US 200亿 这个LOST 是由文盲引起的

请问我上面的理解错在哪里呢

题目要表达的意思是: 文盲使美国损失$20billion一年, 而这些损失主要体现在工业产出流失和税收减少上.

但E把原文意思改变成: 工业产出流失和税收减少使美国损失$20billion一年

有一个疑问：

OG里说：Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost

可是在大全840中的正确答案却有出入：

大全840.        The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

(A) The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

(B) The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

(C) By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

(D) To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.（E）

(E) It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

请教这是什么回事呢？