哪位同学来帮帮忙??谢谢哦

yexianda · 发表于 2012-12-7 19:03:13

In each of the past five years, Barraland’s prison population has increased. Yet, according to official government statistics, for none of those years has there been either an increase in the number of criminal cases brought to trial, or an increase in the rate at which convictions have been obtained. Clearly, therefore, the percentage of people convicted of crimes who are being given prison sentences is on the increase.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.   In Barraland the range of punishments that can be imposed instead of a prison sentence is wide.
B.   Over the last ten years, overcrowding in the prisons of Barraland has essentially been eliminated as a result of an ambitious program of prison construction.
C.   Ten years ago, Barraland reformed its criminal justice system, imposing longer minimum sentences for those crimes for which a prison sentence had long been mandatory.
D.   Barraland has been supervising convicts on parole more closely in recent years, with the result that parole violations have become significantly less frequent.
E.   The number of people in Barraland who feel that crime is on the increase is significantly greater now than it was five years ago.
Answer: B C
这道题没懂什么意思。。。。
The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A.   Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B.   Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C.   Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
D.   Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
E.   Typhus is generally fatal.
Answer: C B
我得逻辑真的很差，请问assumption是要补全结论的是吗？
Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available.

arents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children. However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.   Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.
B.   The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as injectable vaccines do.
C.   The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D.   Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E.   The nasal spray vaccine is not effective when administered to adults.
Answer: E D
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thirdwheel · 发表于 2012-12-7 22:27:30

In each of the past five years, Barraland’s prison population has increased. Yet, according to official government statistics, for none of those years has there been either an increase in the number of criminal cases brought to trial, or an increase in the rate at which convictions have been obtained. Clearly, therefore, the percentage of people convicted of crimes who are being given prison sentences is on the increase.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A. In Barraland the range of punishments that can be imposed instead of a prison sentence is wide.
B. Over the last ten years, overcrowding in the prisons of Barraland has essentially been eliminated as a result of an ambitious program of prison construction.
C. Ten years ago, Barraland reformed its criminal justice system, imposing longer minimum sentences for those crimes for which a prison sentence had long been mandatory.
D. Barraland has been supervising convicts on parole more closely in recent years, with the result that parole violations have become significantly less frequent.
E. The number of people in Barraland who feel that crime is on the increase is significantly greater now than it was five years ago.

说B地方的监狱过去五年人数都在上升，但是过去五年的到法庭裁决的罪案数目和定罪的数目都没增加，作者于是作出结论说那肯定是被宣判入狱的人数在上升了

答案C 由于10年之前的一项法案把最低入狱年限增加了。（所以逻辑就是监狱里只进不出人数自然多了）

thirdwheel · 发表于 2012-12-7 22:40:08

The ancient Nubians inhabited an area in which typhus occurs, yet surprisingly few of their skeletons show the usual evidence of this disease. The skeletons do show deposits of tetracycline, an antibiotic produced by a bacterium common in Nubian soil. This bacterium can flourish on the dried grain used for making two staples of the Nubian diet, beer and bread. Thus, tetracycline in their food probably explains the low incidence of typhus among ancient Nubians.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A. Infectious diseases other than typhus to which the ancient Nubians were exposed are unaffected by tetracycline.
B. Tetracycline is not rendered ineffective as an antibiotic by exposure to the processes involved in making bread and beer.
C. Typhus cannot be transmitted by ingesting bread or beer contaminated with the infectious agents of this disease.
D. Bread and beer were the only items in the diet of the ancient Nubians which could have contained tetracycline.
E. Typhus is generally fatal.
Answer: C B
我得逻辑真的很差，请问assumption是要补全结论的是吗？

Assumption就是作者在推论中默认肯定是对的东西
所以肯定是B啊其实还有别的ASSUMPTION 但是在选项里只有B是对的

thirdwheel · 发表于 2012-12-7 22:45:16

Until now, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available.

arents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children. However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.
B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as injectable vaccines do.
C. The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D. Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E. The nasal spray vaccine is not effective when administered to adults.
Answer: E D
这道题也没有看懂

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现在的感冒疫苗都要打针，所以家长一般不想给孩子接种怕孩子疼。大人的流感症状会更加严重，一般是会接种疫苗的。现在有一种新的疫苗是鼻子喷的，对孩子有效果。但是作者认为由于孩子的感冒症状一般不那么严重，所以认为给孩子大范围的使用这种新的疫苗不会对整个社会的健康状况有很大益处

答案也就明显了
D 大人不会从孩子那里被感染感冒

yexianda · 发表于 2012-12-8 14:32:54

谢谢你

yexianda · 发表于 2012-12-12 21:05:56

Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams. Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.

eople in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.
B.   There are no plants native to western Africa that, if domesticated, could serve as staple food crops.
C.   Rice and yams were grown as staple crops by the earliest agricultural societies outside of western Africa.
D.   Kola and okra are better suited to growing conditions in western Africa than domesticated rice and yams are.
E.   Kola and okra were domesticated in western Africa before rice and yams were introduced there.
Answer: A
这道题的最后一句和选项A的联系明白的不是太透彻，麻烦哪位同学帮我讲解下好吗?

patrizioren · 发表于 2012-12-12 22:50:55

staple crops 是agricultural societies的必要条件。kola和okra不是必要条件。所有的RECORDED staple crops全部是外来的，而且和rice和yams一起引进的。因此，只要确定rice和yams的引进时间，就能确定必要条件的产生时间，从而算出agricultural societies的成立时间。
文章关键在于recorded，也就是说，除了记录在案的之外，文章假设没有别的农作物构成必要条件，也就是staple crops

A选项的含义是，rice和yams引进之前，有“non-recorded”的未知农作物充当必要条件，当rice和yams被引进时，原必要条件stopped，文章逻辑排除了这种可能性

yexianda · 发表于 2012-12-13 15:15:51

谢谢

coshair · 发表于 2012-12-18 16:14:17

正好做到这个题目,多问一句

为什么会选D呢,既然大人都接种了疫苗,那么为什么还会从孩子那里感染流感呢?好奇怪的逻辑...

LcR- · 发表于 2018-6-1 19:37:30

coshair 发表于 2012-12-18 16:14
正好做到这个题目,多问一句为什么会选D呢,既然大人都接种了疫苗,那么为什么还会从孩子那里感染流感呢?好奇 ...

同问！

哪位同学来帮帮忙??谢谢哦

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