- UID
- 776943
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2012-7-4
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
首先声明，这是google出来的，是以前有人回忆的机经，写在博客里的。我给转来了，让更多的人看一下。19号就要一战了，祝所有19er们都700+~~~~这是原地址 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_532b08260100y79k.html
----------------------------------------------------------------------
43. 佛教manuscript
V1：1p: 佛教 manuscriptnew finds in B 这个地方让B成为了第五个发现原始佛教文献得地方 （好像没有出题）
2p: 主要support了b这个地方出现文献的可能性。 说b是很多中国和印度的crossboarder，几千年前很多文化交流从这里经过，所以文献的出现是非常有可能的。 考古学家们正在研究文献的这种language,包括研究这种language在coin上的印记 （这里出题了，问哪个关于这个language是正确的，我选的： 这个language现在没有人用和说了）
3p: interlinear notation of "copied" 的意思是说这个文献是一个被遗弃的文献，有一个replacementof 这个被遗弃文献，这种被遗弃并且replace的现象表明那个地方和年代就已经有了librarysystem。 也说明中国的很多佛教文献可能是在这里翻译的。 （出题了，问interlinearnotation infer了什么， 我选的：表明了有librarysystem那个选项，有一个选项是说infer了这是个被replace过的，我觉得是干扰选项，因为interlinearnotation的意思是被replaced过的，但是infer出了有librarysystem，求考证）
V2：佛教经典的那个，只记得一个高亮题亮了“interlinenotation”问这个暗示什么，没有哪一个看起来特别对我就随便选了一个，貌似选了有notation所指的标记的manu都有largecollection；但有个迷惑选项（我觉得是迷惑选项哈）是“出现这个notation所指的标记是permanentreplacement of temporary manuscripts” ，刚好和实际所指的相反。
Q1.
问哪个关于这个language是正确的，我选的： 这个language现在没有人用和说了Q2. 出题了，问interlinearnotation infer了什么
ASW1：我选的：表明了有librarysystem那个选项，有一个选项是说infer 了这是个被replace过的，我觉得是干扰选项，因为interlinearnotation的意思是被replaced过的，但是infer出了有librarysystem，求考证）
ASW2：貌似选了有notation所指的标记的manu都有largecollection；但有个迷惑选项（我觉得是迷惑选项哈）是“出现这个notation所指的标记是permanentreplacement of temporary manuscripts” ，刚好和实际所指的相反。
Q3. 这个高亮的copiedindicate了什麼？”
然后问这个词为什麼要打引号。找到这篇文章就更好了，因为考试中的阅读题把这一段换了个形式表达，虽然也用引号强调了copied这个单词，但是并没有后面的indicate。我是自己绞尽脑汁联系被改的体无完肤的上下文才选出“themanuscripts were discarded ones that had been replaced by freshly made ones”，如果考试碰到这道infer题一定一定不要大错啦！送分的噢！
考古
Through some stunning finds over the lastdecade, researchers studying early Buddhist manuscripts here at the Universityof Washington and at the British Library are confirming a longstandinghypothesis that
anancient tradition of Buddhist literature existed in Gandhari, a dialect ofPrakrit, an early Indic language that developed from Sanskrit. They areconfident that that canon may soon take its place next to the four other greattraditions of Buddhist texts: the living traditions of Pali, Chinese, andTibetan, and the ancient, fragmentary one of Sanskrit.
考试的阅读第一段就是这一段，一字不差，当时觉得句子太长了。只意会了一下，似乎就是说一种未被认可的、证据不够充分的，literature和世界其他四大传统应该同等重要，所以就可以知道阅读的topic肯定是anancient tradition of Buddhist literature。
The Gandhari canon may prove to be a crucial link in understanding theway Buddhism moved northward along the Silk Road, into Central and East Asia,even as it largely died out in India, where it was born in the fifth or fourthcentury BC. "We're putting thislanguage on the map of major languages of the ancient world, which it reallywas," says Richard G. Salomon, a professor of Asianlanguages and Sanskrit here, and the director of the British Library-Universityof Washington Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project.
这一段不太有印象考试里有没有完整出现，但是还是可以很清楚的看到文章的主线就是在讲一系列关于这个language的存在过的证据的找寻以及其重要性的探讨。
Although no other substantial Gandhari manuscript had come to light, Mr.Salomon was among a handful of researchers who studied the language, from theBrough edition, from secular documents in a related language, and frominscriptions on pots, coins, and archaeological ruins. Mr. Salomon specializedin those arcane inscriptions, which are in Kharosthi, a script based on theAramaic alphabet.
个人觉得这一段其实也没有太重要，同样意会，就是说在这个阶段证据依然不充分，但是这群researchers还是在很努力的研究，从其他的相关语言中寻找证据，从一些文物如壶、硬币、废墟里面寻找这种language(或者说traditionalliterature存在过的证据)。
In 1994, an anonymous donor had given the library 29 fragile andfragments of manuscript on birch-bark rolls. " aper and vellum are likecast iron by comparison," says Mr. Shaw. "The sheer fact that anykinds of manuscripts on this material have survived is a miracle."
对应这段话后文似乎在一道题有专门考，不太记得了。只是很清楚的记得“匿名人士的捐赠”，反正要麼是针对这段话专门考了一道题，要麼就是这段话成为了某道题的一个选项。
One such find -- eight small, contiguous fragments, making a piece aboutthe size of a page from a standard paperback, from a large commentary on thebenefits of meditation -- has just been acquired by the University ofWashington Libraries, while the other manuscripts are at the British Library.Because the documents are so fragile, the Washington researchers study digitaland photographic images of them.
Interlinear notations such as "copied" indicate that the manuscripts were discarded ones that hadbeen replaced by freshly made ones. Apparently,says Mr. Salomon, the monasteries had well-organized scriptoriums and largelibraries even at that early stage.
我碰到的考题当中有一道是吧copied这个单词highlight了。然后问这个词为什麼要打引号。找到这篇文章就更好了，因为考试中的阅读题把这一段换了个形式表达，虽然也用引号强调了copied这个单词，但是并没有后面的indicate.而题目就是问“这个高亮的copiedindicate了什麼？”找到原文的各位你们比我幸福太多，我是自己绞尽脑汁联系被改的体无完肤的上下文才选出“themanuscripts were discarded ones that had been replaced by freshly made ones”，如果考试碰到这道infer题一定一定不要大错啦！送分的噢！
Wonderful, agrees Mr. Shaw of the British Library, because the writingsin the new manuscripts are proving to be closer to those in Chinese Buddhistversions than to those in the Pali canon, which has generally been regarded asthe standard. "There were obviously various Buddhist canons circulating inearly days in different dialects," he says. The manuscripts also throwlight on the way that Buddhisttradition was transmitted. "Oraltransmission had been the preferred or normal way -- memorization, recitation,and so forth," says Mr. Salomon. "What we're nowfinding out is that, in the first and second century AD, the notion of writingthings down took off in a big way."
这一段也不太有印象……=______=原谅我！但是记得有一道题目的选项里是我加粗的这段话“口头传播是更加普遍的方式”，题目不记得了。。。只记得选项有一个是这个。
----------------------------我是华丽的分割线--------------------------------
FIGHTING！ |
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2012-9-17 23:13:40
收藏
收藏
