23 Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
提纲：
（+）科学本身的性质要求研究的自由。曾经政治影响带来的恶果。
（-）科学家的强烈好奇心和探索热情会有时会超出道德底线、理性范畴。（克隆人）
（-）政府责任，保证纳税人权益，要对科学限制。科学带来的正负后果需要政府裁夺。（转基因食品）
The recommendation insofar has its reason, but it isn't full of the truth. We don't doubt the significance of science's freedom, but we are suspicious of whether all scientists can guarantee the morality of science experiments without governments' restriction. And we are also not sure they can balance the advantage and the disadvantage of a seemingly promising technology project.
Admittedly, freedom, due to the nature of science, is essential for science's development. As we all know, science pursues profound understanding of the unknown world, so uncertain factors in surveying process is very massive, from its original goal, experiment method, implemented principle, as well as the result. We cannot imagine how slow science's progress will be if every change in projects must be reported to government, with highly restriction on science. Therefore, overly strict restriction to science is far from wise.
Furthermore, through ideology, government may have negative effect on science development.In the history records of the Second World War, governments around the world almost stoped any other science programs except on weapons' inventment and improvement, just to meet the demand of triumph. As a result, not only normal science advancing was interrupted, but atomic bomb，the destructive tool, was invented and used on our earth. That is to say, government restriction sometimes will disguide the route of science's development.
However, even though undue or misleading restrictions may be harmful to science’s healthy development, it doesn't mean that science will develop fast and rightly as long as there isn’t governments’ interruptions. To the opposite, advisable government restrictions to science are indispensable.
On the one hand, in the survey process, scientists cannot balance the bottom line of the moral and intense expectation of big progress in science, even, the underlying line will be transcended. Take, for example, the scientists who are enthusiastic about the technology of cloning. From clone sheep Doly, to recently clone monkey, cow, and even human's cell in 2009 of America, technology of cloning is progressing on and on, leaving the possibility of the clone human. Without government's restriction, some scientist with the overwhelming desire will outstrip morality, with huge possibility. But how can the real person, whom to be cloned, live normally as before? What should the cloning person to be dealed with? Without a legal identity, how can ‘it’ survive in the world, and maybe ‘it’ would have emotion as well. That is destructive to human's rights, even threatening the normal order of human's world. So, governments, with clear ration respecting mass’ voice, should prevent such event from happening. That’s a timing mathod to control some scientists’ overly absurd desiration.
On the other hand, most science fund is from the government budget, while, as known, budget is full of taxes from mass. Then, as the originator of budget, government has the right and obligation to guarantee science program advanc in a direction beneficial to the mass. In many circumstances, besides beneficial results, science program may lead some bad ones, like the genetic manipulation. Even though this technology will help increase productivity, it also will guide the damage of biodiversity and the balance of environment. At this time full of controversial, government should shoulder the responsibility to deal with, with people's benefit as the superior principle.
Therefore, in the process of science development, government restriction should neither be vacant nor overly strict. The best degree of it will decided according to the mass' permanent profits. | 
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发表于 2012-8-11 19:52:01
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