[求助]大全2772/63-P38-Q6置疑gemj注解

Passage 38 (38/63)

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of “de-skilling”—the use of technology to replace skilled labor—to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitized “numerical-control” (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan-generated “record-playback” (R/P) technology.

Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowledgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to “teach” machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’s only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he concludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.

6. The author of the passage commends Noble’s book for which of the following?（Q我觉得应该是D）

(A) Concentrating on skilled as opposed to unskilled workers in its discussion of the machine-tool industry

(B) Offering a generalization about the motives behind the machine-tool industry’s decision to automate

(C) Making an essential distinction between two kinds of technology employed in the machine-tool industry

(D) Calling into question the notion that managers conspired against labor in the automation of the machine-tool industry（E）

(E) Applying the concept of de-skilling to the machine tool industry

答案给的是E,

绿色加亮的评议是GEMJGG在编辑大全的时候补充的. 嗯, 我认为他的评议有误. 还是应该选E. 文章里面的对应是:

Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of “de-skilling”—the use of technology to replace skilled labor—to the automation of the machine-tool industry
Noble fails to …说的是作者批评的, 不同意的东东. although后面很明显是指出这个部分是作者支持的.

我还是觉得E好.

请指教

Passage 38 (38/63)

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool 没有industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim (这个claim就是its decisions to automate, conspired against labor，也就是6B的内容，但是N没有证实这一点，所以6B不对), although his argument is impressive (6E)when he applies the Marxist concept of “de-skilling”—the use of technology to replace skilled labor—to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitized “numerical-control” (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan-generated “record-playback” (R/P) technology.

Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowledgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to “teach” machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’s only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he concludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.

6.                 The author of the passage commends Noble’s book for which of the following?（Q我觉得应该是D）

(A) Concentrating on skilled as opposed to unskilled workers in its discussion of the machine-tool industry

(B) Offering a generalization about the motives behind the machine-tool industry’s decision to automate

(C) Making an essential distinction between two kinds of technology employed in the machine-tool industry

(D) Calling into question the notion that managers conspired against labor in the automation of the machine-tool industry(这个选项和原文反了，因为原文最终认为管理这隐藏在自动化后面的阴谋是存在的，只是N没有证实而已)（E）fficeffice" />

(E) Applying the concept of de-skilling to the machine tool industry(对，这个观点作者认为该赞扬)

本题我错误的选成了B．

7.                 Which of the following best characterizes Forces of Production as it is described in the passage?

(A) A comparison of two interpretations of how a particular industry evolved

(B) An examination of the origin of a particular concept in industrial economics

(C) A study that points out the weakness of a particular interpretation of an industrial phenomenon

(D) A history of a particular industry from an ideological point of view（D）

(E) An attempt to relate an industrial phenomenon in one industry to a similar phenomenon in another industry

Passage 38 (38/63)

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. 在生产的力量这本书里面, DAVID NOBLE考察了一个转变过程-从依赖熟练工人到倚靠自动化. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management.这个是书的具体内容, 就是NOBLE从马克思的理论来写书的. NOBLE的中心理论就是: 为什么管理层要采用自动化呐? 因为熟练工人掌握的力量是管理层所不能容忍的.  Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of “de-skilling”—the use of technology to replace skilled labor—to the automation of the machine-tool industry. NOBLE没有证明他的理论, 虽然在他的讨论里面有一点是让人印象深刻的: 他使用了马克思的”de-skilling”的概念. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitized “numerical-control” (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan-generated “record-playback” (R/P) technology.

到这里, 作者的态度观点其实已经出来了: NOBLE的书不好, 因为他自己提出来的东东米有证明. Substantiate: to prove the truth of something that someone has said, claimed etc

Katzen offered little evidence to substantiate his claims .

这里就是第五题的来源

其实第七题也出来了

关键有个词语的理解: history

a history of sth=an account of sth就是一个描述, 不是什么真正的历史

B. An examination of the origin of a particular concept in industrial economics 说的是”对一个特殊工业的概念的来源的审视”

首先什么叫做”examination”??一般都是有争议的东东, 才要审视. GG你选这个就是把细节当成主干了. 的确里头有个de-skilling的概念, 但是, 这个概念是作者表扬NOBLE的, 说这个词语用的:  生产的力量这本书里面, DAVID NOBLE考察了一个转变过程-从依赖熟练工人到倚靠自动化.

(D) A history of a particular industry from an ideological point of view

真正说的 forces of production描述就是在文章开头的地方: a history= an account of transformation

ideological point of view就是说用马克思的理论的角度来看这个转变.

Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowledgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to “teach” machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’s only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he concludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.

这一段就是重新罗嗦了一遍.blablalba NOBLE说的怎么怎么好, 书上的什么东东好----但是----怎么怎么不好….

不晓得偶说明白了米有......

原来文章只讲了N在这本书中，从马克思观点描述了自动化过程，提出是管理者对劳工的阴谋，但是却没有证实．谢谢Pumpkin MM对history和examination的细致讲解，太好了．这本书就是从马克思主义观点描述了某个工业过程（不知history是否是一个过程，对吗？？？）．

开始以为讲自动化过程是为了追求效率，减少对劳动力的依靠（观点１错误）；其实是一个对劳工的阴谋（观点２正确）；所以被A,C绕住了．原来上面的只是内容，不是这本书的特点

讲解的太清楚了，I cannot thank enough for    umpkin's kind and first aid

嗯 a history of 就是描述了一个过程. 和历史米有点点关系...
在阅读里头还有几个文章的题目里面用到的.

嗯, it should be "kindness" in stead of "kind" 嘿嘿嘿, 词性错误哦

感谢Pumpkin MM不厌其烦的指点，偶重读

还有, 这里米有两个观点, 只有一个观点: 这个观点分成PART1, PART2. PART1是negative, part 2是positive. 而且positive的只有一点点内容. 套用新东方的官话就是"大副小正"的态度

Passage 38 (38/63)

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of “de-skilling”—the use of technology to replace skilled labor—to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitized “numerical-control” (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan-generated “record-playback” (R/P) technology.　N的著作，从马克思主义观点研究的自动化进程原因和其未能证实的缺点．

２段进一步具体说明自动化的用意.

Pumpkin MM,我要多向你学习，文章的确没有两个观点．中心是N揭示了自动化的用意，但却没证实．好像也没什么正面，负面之分，MM以为如何，请指点？？？

划线部分就是作者的观点咯, 就是偶说的大副小正的态度咯. 中心是N虽然用了个好词, 但是光说自己的看法, 但是米有提供论据.

个人认为这个态度一定要读出来, 总共所有的阅读就分成议论文和说明文, 嗯, 议论文关键就是这个态度.这个态度是作者写文章的基础和目的: 他就是要大家来认同他的态度.

谢谢MM．和偶的想法一样，只是偶没有用大负小正的名词．

嘻嘻嘻, 所以偶说是套用新东方的官话...呵呵呵