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2. Statistician: A financial magazine claimed that itssurvey of its subscribers showed that North
Americans are more concerned about theirpersonal finances than about politics. Onequestion was: “Which do you think aboutmore: politics or the joy of earning money?”This question is clearly biased. Also, the readersof the magazine are a self-selecting sample.Thus, there is reason to be skeptical about theconclusion drawn in the magazine’s survey.
Each of the following, if true, would strengthen thestatistician’s argument EXCEPT:
(A) The credibility of the magazine has been calledinto question on a number of occasions.
(B) The conclusions drawn in most magazinesurveys have eventually been disproved.
(C) Other surveys suggest that North Americans arejust as concerned about politics as they are
about finances.
(D) There is reason to be skeptical about the resultsof surveys that are biased andunrepresentative.
(E) Other surveys suggest that North Americans areconcerned not only with politics andfinances, but also with social issues.
A new commercial radio station in Greenfield plans to play songs that were popular hits fifteen to twenty-five years ago. It hopes in this way to attract an audience made up mainly of people between thirty-five and forty-five years old and thereby to have a strong market appeal to advertisers.
Each of the following, if true, strengthens the prospects that the radio station's plan will succeed EXCEPT:
(A) People tend to remain very fond of the music that they heard when they were in their teens and early twenties.
(B) In a number of cities demographically similar to Greenfield, radio stations that play recordings of popular music from fifteen to twenty-five years ago have succeeded commercially.
(C) People in the thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group are more likely to listen to the radio for news than for music.
(D) The thirty-five- to forty-five-year-old age group is one in which people tend to have comparatively high levels of income and are involved in making household purchases.
(E) Among the few radio stations in the Greenfield area, there is none that plays music from this particular period for more than a few hours per week.
Hutonian Government Official: Federal law requires truck drivers to take a long break after driving for ten hours, but truck drivers frequently do not comply. Since the public rest areas along our highways cannot accommodate all the drivers needing a break, we plan to build more rest areas to increase the rate of compliance.
Hutonian Business Representative: But if the parking lots around our businesses are considered, there are more than enough parking places.
Which of the following, if true about Hutonia, would provide a reason for persisting with the government official's plan despite the objection?
(A) Public parking areas are evenly distributed along the highways.
(B) Truck drivers are most likely not to comply with the federal law if the total time required for a trip exceeds ten hours by less than an hour.
(C) In comparison to public rest areas, private parking lots near highways tend to be time-consuming for drivers to reach.
(D) Even when rest areas are available, some truck drivers park in places, such as highway access ramps, where their trucks are likely to cause accidents.
(E) Some public parking areas, particularly those on heavily traveled roads, are substantially larger than others.
The use of radar detectors in commercial vehicles was banned because commercial truck and bus drivers were using these devices to drive faster than the posted speed limit without fear of arrest. Since drivers of noncommercial vehicles also use radar detectors and since speeding decreases safety for any vehicle, use of radar detectors should also be banned in noncommercial vehicles to increase safety.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument above?
(A) The average noncommercial-vehicle driver is involved in less long-distance driving than is the average commercial-vehicle driver.
(B) In many places airplanes or helicopters are used rather than radar to locate vehicles traveling faster than the posted speed limit.
(C) The ban on radar detectors in commercial vehicles has been effective in deterring them from speeding.
(D) Traffic accidents involving a truck or bus generally pose a greater threat of injury or death than do other accidents.
(E) Radar detectors are sometimes set off by devices other than the law enforcement devices that the radar detectors were built to detect.
Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?
(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
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发表于 2012-3-3 21:24:41
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