每日逻辑练习第三季【1-3】

warmayme · 发表于 2012-2-23 21:54:45

今天轮到warm出题。有什么格式问题请truf

和daisyMM指教~！

关于练习的问题：
计时是计看题干和题目的时间，先不看选项。

精练题的步骤是：
1. 计时看问题和题干，一般在45s内。
2. 不看选项、不看题干按自己的理解写出逻辑链。（逻辑链是需要思考提炼的，不是简单的复制粘贴题干内容哦）
3. 合理推测正确选项的可能方向
4. 看选项，选出正确答案
5. 校对答案，对错误选项给出错误原因和类型的解释，对正确选项分析其与题干逻辑链的关系。

关于练习还有什么不清楚的地方可以跟帖问我们噢，不用害羞哈哈，这里鼓励提出问题。

There is relatively little room for growth in the

overall carpet market, which is tied to the size of the

population. Most who purchase carpet do so only

once or twice, first in their twenties or thirties, and

then perhaps again in their fifties or sixties. Thus as

the population ages, companies producing carpet

will be able to gain market share in the carpet market

only through purchasing competitors, and not

through more aggressive marketing.

Which one of the following, if true, casts the most

doubt on the conclusion above?

(A) Most of the major carpet producers market

other floor coverings as well.

(B) Most established carpet producers market

several different brand names and varieties,

and there is no remaining niche in the

market for new brands to fill.

(C) Two of the three mergers in the industry’s last

ten years led to a decline in profits and

revenues for the newly merged companies.

(D) Price reductions, achieved by cost-cutting in

production, by some of the dominant firms

in the carpet market are causing other

producers to leave the market altogether.

(E) The carpet market is unlike most markets in

that consumers are becoming increasingly

resistant to new patterns and styles.

2．

In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?

(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.

(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.

(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.

(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.

(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.

3．

The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.But that prediction would not have adversely affected the dollar had it not been for the government's huge budget deficit, which must therefore be decreased to prevent future currency declines.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion about how to prevent future currency declines?

(A) The government has made little attempt to reduce the budget deficit.

(B) The budget deficit has not caused a slowdown in economic growth.

(C) The value of the dollar declined several times in the year prior to the recent prediction of slower economic growth.

(D) Before there was a large budget deficit, predictions of slower economic growth frequently caused declines in the dollar's value.

(E) When there is a large budget deficit, other events in addition to predictions of slower economic growth sometimes trigger declines in currency value.

4．

Certain messenger molecules fight damage to the lungs from noxious air by telling the muscle cells encircling the lungs' airways to contract.This partially seals off the lungs.An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.

Which of the following, if true, points to the most serious flaw of a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules referred to above?

(A) Researchers do not yet know how the body produces the messenger molecules that trigger asthma attacks.

(B) Researchers do not yet know what makes one person's messenger molecules more easily activated than another's.

(C) Such a medication would not become available for several years, because of long lead times in both development and manufacture.

(D) Such a medication would be unable to distinguish between messages triggered by pollen and household dust and messages triggered by noxious air.

(E) Such a medication would be a preventative only and would be unable to alleviate an asthma attack once it had started.

5．

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.

(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.

(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.

(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.

(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

warmayme · 发表于 2012-2-23 21:58:12

BIBLE的答案喽：
According to the author, to gain market share in the carpet market a company
must purchase a competitor. Answer choice (C) is often selected by students,
but it does not attack this idea. To attack a conditional statement you must show
that the necessary condition is not actually necessary for the sufficient condition
to occur. Answer choice (C) simply suggests that when companies purchase
their competitors the endeavor is often financially unsuccessful. Essentially,
answer choice (C) fails to prove that purchasing competitors is unnecessary to
gain market share. Answer choice (D), on the other hand, does suggest a way
for companies to gain market share without purchasing competitors, thereby
attacking the conditional statement given in the stimulus. Thus, answer choice
(D) is correct.
Answer choice (A): This answer goes beyond the scope of the argument, which
is limited to the carpet market (and not other floor coverings).
Answer choice (B): This is an Opposite answer that strengthens the argument.
If there are no remaining niches to fill, then there is no way to expand other than
to purchase a competitor.
Answer choice (C): This attractive answer is wrong for two very strong
reasons:
1. A Shell Game is played with the details of the conclusion. The
conclusion is about market share. Answer choice (C) is about a
decline in profits and revenues. The two are not the same, and so the
information in the answer choice does not weaken the conclusion.
2. Even if you assume that market share is the same thing as profits and
revenues, a second Shell Game is played because the answer then
attacks a conclusion that is similar but different than the given conclusion.
then answer choice (C) would be correct (again, assuming market
share is the same thing as profits and revenues). But, the above is a
Mistaken Reversal of the conclusion, and so the attack is made on a
statement that uses the same terms as the conclusion but puts them in
a different relationship. This is a great example of the cleverness
displayed by the test makers. Fortunately you can avoid this answer if
you know what to look for when attacking conditional reasoning.
More on this topic in the next section.
One point worth noting is that it is no accident that the most tempting wrong
answer choice appears just before the correct answer. This is a classic LSAT
trick, and one that is very effective because most test takers relax once they find
an answer they feel is attractive. This makes them less likely to closely examine
the answers that follow.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. If price reductions drive out
some of the carpet producers, then other producers can take the market share
left behind. This scenario shows that a company can gain market share without
purchasing a competitor, thus attacking the necessary condition in the
conclusion.
Answer choice (E): This Opposite answer strengthens the argument. If the
consumers are resistant to new styles, then one fewer possibility exists if a
company is trying to increase market share. By eliminating this option, the
conclusion is strengthened (if you eliminate an idea that would hurt the
argument, that strengthens the argument because it has fewer “competitors. More on this later).

kakapo · 发表于 2012-2-24 14:04:38

第一题做错了，没找对要Weaken的关键点。等晚上公布后四题答案。

1.Premise: Most who purchase carpet do so only once or twice, first in their twenties or thirties, and then perhaps again in their fifties or sixties.
Premise: as the population ages, companies producing carpet will be able to gain market share in the carpet market only through purchasing competitors, and not through more aggressive marketing.
Conclusion: There is relatively little room for growth in Market Share in the overall carpet market, which is tied to the size of the population.

Weaken: Revenue growth will let more family who did not purchase carpet before have demand of carpet. Or consuming Patter may change.

Choose: A (Correct Answer is D, the conclusion is not about the overall market, but a company’s market share.)

2.Premise: EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.
Conclusion: replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.

Weaken: Replacement need learning cost

Choose: D

3. Premise: The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year.
Conclusion: government's huge budget deficit must be decreased to prevent future currency declines.

Choose: B

4. Premise:
Conclusion: a plan to develop a medication that would prevent asthma attacks by blocking receipt of any messages sent by the messenger molecules.

Choose: D

5.Premise: laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Weaken: there are other ways to form fullerenes.

Choose: D

warmayme · 发表于 2012-2-24 17:28:42

warm请个假。明儿把这三天的练习全都附上。。。收拾东西简直了~~~往外面拿出来一件都觉得好难过~

qiuhua01234567 · 发表于 2012-2-24 20:24:45

TRUF专栏
15. A conservation group in the United States is trying to change the long-standing image of bats as frightening creatures. The group contends that bats are feared and persecuted solely because they are shy animals that are active only at night.
Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the group’s contention?
(A) Bats are steadily losing natural roosting places such as caves and hollow trees and are thus turning to more developed areas for roosting.
(B) Bats are the chief consumers of nocturnal insects and thus can help make their hunting territory more pleasant for humans.
(C) Bats are regarded as frightening creatures not only in the United States but also in Europe, Africa, and South America.
(D) Raccoons and owls are shy and active only at night, yet they are not generally feared and persecuted.
(E)

eople know more about the behavior of other greatly feared animal species, such as lions, alligators, and snakes, than they do about the behavior of bats.
依旧4步走：第一步：看问题：Which of the following, if true, would cast the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the group’s contention?
WEAKEN型。
第二步：读题目。找到以下几个。Conclusion：The group contends that bats are feared and persecuted solely
Premise：they are shy animals that are active only at night.
第三步用具体性，特殊性排除答案：选项（A）：没有任何关系，上文是晚上出动，而这里说的是居住地，根本没有任何关系选项（B）：没有任何关系。捕食虫和夜晚活动没有关系（C）：被认为是令人害怕的生物，和夜晚活动没有任何关系。（E）：人们知道的多少和结论无关。
已经可以确定答案是D
第四步：用TEST检验。问自己，是否该答案使作者再考虑他的观点或迫使作者做出反应或原文该前提能证明该结论吗。
确定答案D

qiuhua01234567 · 发表于 2012-2-24 21:10:04

Conclusion：可以快速降低打字成本
Premise：导致快速的打字和较少的失误。
选项A：成本价格和转换困难度没什么关系
选项B：加强原结论。
选项C：增长使用和成本没关系
选项D：正确
选项E：时间，无关。
Conclusion:必须要降低财政赤字来预防将来的通货紧缩。
Premise：要不是政府财政的巨大赤字，预测是不会影响货币的。
选项A：这是结论，如何削弱
选项B：无关
选项C：无关
选项D：正确
选项E：无关
Conclusion：The recent decline in the value of the dollar was triggered by a prediction of slower economic growth in the coming year
Premise：An asthma attack occurs when the messenger molecules are activated unnecessarily, in response to harmless things like pollen or household dust.Conclusion：可以告诉实验者这种东西组成的坏境条件
Premise:F这种东西在独一无二的环境下形成
C

高七七 · 发表于 2012-2-24 21:11:28

1
Background: little room for carpet market, tied to size of population
Premise: people purchase carpet first in 20-30, second in 50-60
Conclusion: carpet company gain profit only through purchasing competitors, not aggressive marketing.
Choose D ( suggest a way for companies to gain market share without purchasing competitors)

2
Premise: EFCO- most useful keys near fingers-faster& less fatigue
Conclusion: 用EFCO取代standard keyboards，减少$
Choose D

3
B: $贬值可预测明年slower economic growth
P: 预测不影响非政府预算赤字的$
C:预算赤字will be decreased to prevent future currency declines
Choose D

4
Premise:有毒空气中的分子包围着lung，引发哮喘。归咎于pollen or household dust
CHOOSE D

5
B: F made entirely of carbon (first found in lab)(formed in rare mineral shungite)
P:合成F需要distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Choose D

yuyue888 · 发表于 2012-2-24 21:58:16

1.1分12秒
P：买C一个人一生只买2次
C: 获得市场份额只有通过兼并，而不是营销
可能：营销也很重要
选：D

2.25秒
P:EFCO的键盘可以使人减少疲劳
C:换EFCO键盘可以减少成本
可能：EFCO可以增加成本
选：D

3.1分28秒
BG:最近货币币值是由明年经济减速的预测而引起的
P:政府没有大的赤字
C:预测不会消极影响货币
可能：不知道
选：B 断了逻辑链

4.1分03
P:M分子阻隔有毒空气来保护肺有时候M分子被没有必要的开启了例如花粉灰尘
目的：组织A进攻
手段：阻隔任何M分子的接触物
选：D

5.1分47 还是没读懂
蒙一个：B

白冬冬 · 发表于 2012-2-24 22:45:41

1.Premise: 一生只有两次购买
Conclulsion：要达到扩大市场，只能通过兼并
Weaken：他因导致扩大市场（D）
2.Bachground: EFCO能省力、省时
Premise：用EFCO换普通键盘
Conclusion:能迅速降低成本
Background：因果割断，不能导致省成本（D）
3. government deficit decrease--------------prediction of slower growth----------value of dollar decrease
Conclusion：应提高government deficit ，value of dollar就提高了
Weaken：原因推不出来（D）
4. Premise:message active unnecessary--------------------asthma
Conclusion:A medicine can pool down the activity, can cure the asthma
Weaken: 该原因导致其他（D）
5.Premise: Lab 特殊条件-----------F的生长
S自然条件---------------F的生长
Conclusion：自然条件中存在Lab条件
Weaken：其他原因导致存在，不能确定（C）

xunjiejie5 · 发表于 2012-2-24 22:56:40

1
前提：地毯市场没有什么增长的。在地毯市场人们通常都只是买一次或者2次，一次是20,30岁，一次是在40,50岁。
结论：地毯市场要增加市场不是通过市场份额，而是通过拿下竞争者。
预测结论：地毯是通过市场增加的销售。
A
2
前提：相对于一种键盘标准的，一种E键盘能打字更快
结论：用E代替标准键盘更能省钱。
预测结论：E比标准更贵
D
3
前提：美元的下降是由于经济的缓慢造成的。
结论：这个预测不会太大的影响美国的负债，导致未来价值的贬值。
D
4
前提：一种分子对付有毒空气对肺的感染，通过感染肺附近的空气
结论：当分子无害的时候，哮喘也会发生
预测：这种药是针对有害的
D
5
背景：一种神马分子，第一次在实验室发现，但是也在自然界中发现过。
前提：因为在实验室中这种分子需要唯一的压力和温度的条件
结论：可以用实验的假设去探索自然界中的。
D

[逻辑小分队] 每日逻辑练习第三季【1-3】

所属分类: GMAT考试

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()