请教一道prep语法。。。望NN不吝赐教。。。

zhangxiru2006 · 发表于 2012-1-11 19:08:38

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, (hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphin's.)
A.hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphin's.
B. hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphin.
答案：A。我想问下，these不是不能单独使用的吗？那么在A中，这个these 怎么解释，指代谁，在这里又是什么意思呢？

12604698 · 发表于 2012-1-11 23:58:06

发现自己看错了！~把我的改了~~我把之前版主aleos 的贴出来参考：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-336111-2-1.html
18楼
朗文字典的解释：
these:
the plural of this
this:
1
used to refer to a person, thing, idea etc that has just been mentioned or to something that has just happened
We must make sure this doesn't happen again. Is there any way of solving these problems? If young Daly continues to improve at this rate, he'll soon be in the A Team. This will be discussed in the next chapter. This boyfriend of yours - how old is he?

they
1
used to refer to two or more people or things that have already been mentioned or are already known about
Bob and Sue said they wouldn't be able to come. Ken gave me some flowers. Aren't they beautiful? They all want to come to the wedding.

these可以指人，物或想法，they只能指人或物
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.
题目里用的是these have, 所以these指代的一定是物了...不是 endorphins就是hot sauces。既然如此为什么不用they而用these呢?我认为原因在于these和they的区别，是不是they会有歧义指代到hot sauces,而these不会有歧义呢？
可以看上面的解释
these是"has just been mentioned or to something that has just happened"关键词在"just"，而they的解释关键词在"already"
这里endorphins 是just mentioned的，hot sauces和endorphins 都是already mentioned的。所以用they 有歧义，用these不会有歧义。

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至于115的句子，为什么说作为直接宾语时不能用these呢？
George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray
these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
原题正确答案是E
(E) legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
且把them改为these
George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature and to portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.
如果用these，可能指代前面的整个idea（ consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature ）或者legitimate subjects，而不是 the rural poor 了。

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我认为these指代出现错误的根本原因可能就在于此吧，不过最好能再有these做直接宾语时是错误的的题目。

HarrisZheng · 发表于 2012-1-12 14:59:40

these 的用法很值得商榷

逻辑上来说绝不指代sauces 是释放出来的内啡呔有止痛的功效
语法上来说又只能指代sauces 因为 release of endorphins 的核心词是release

按照gmac一般严谨的写法应该是 hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these （chemicals）have a pain-relieving effect like morphin's

请教一道prep语法。。。望NN不吝赐教。。。

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