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请教LSAT-Set8-SecIV-Q9,22

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楼主
发表于 2003-4-8 01:12:00 | 只看该作者

请教LSAT-Set8-SecIV-Q9,22

9. Brain scans of people exposed to certain neurotoxins reveal brain damage identical to that found in people suffering from Parkinson's disease. This fact shows not only that these neurotoxins cause this type of brain damage, but also that the brain damage itself causes Parkinson's disease. Thus brain scans can be used to determine who is likely to develop Parkinson's disease.

The argument contains which one of the following reasoning errors?

(A) It fails to establish that other methods that can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease are less accurate than brain scans.
(B) It overestimates the importance of early diagnosis in determining appropriate treatments for people suffering from Parkinson's disease.
(C) It mistakes a correlation between the type of brain damage described and Parkinson's disease for a causal relation between the two.
(D) It assumes that people would want to know as early as possible whether they were likely to develop Parkinson's disease.
(E) It neglects to specify how the information provided by brain scans could be used either in treating Parkinson's disease or in monitoring the progression of the disease.
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答案B,为何不是C,请大家指教。


22.Doctors in Britain have long suspected that patients who wear tinted eyeglasses are abnormally prone to depression and hypochondria. Psychological tests given there to hospital patients admitted for physical complaints like heart pain and digestive distress confirmed such a relationship. Perhaps people whose relationship to the world is psychologically painful choose such glasses to reduce visual stimulation, which is perceived as irritating. At any rate, it can be concluded that when such glasses are worn, it is because the wearer has a tendency to be depressed or hypochondriacal

The argument assumes which one of the following?

(A) Depression is not caused in some cases by an organic condition of the body.
(B) Wearers do not think of the tinted glasses as a means of distancing themselves from other people.
(C) Depression can have many causes, including actual conditions about which it is reasonable for anyone to be depressed.
(D) For hypochondriacs wearing tinted glasses, the glasses serve as a visual signal to others that the wearer's health is delicate.
(E) The tinting does not dim light to the eye enough to depress the wearer's mood substantially.
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答案E,请大家给点解题思路。谢谢。
沙发
发表于 2003-4-8 04:54:00 | 只看该作者
1. 我也支持C。这道题讨论过,请查询晴天猪斑竹的

2.现象A,B 同时存在,得出A推出B.如果求削弱,答案为B推出A,即因果倒置。求假设,否定因果倒置则成为答案。
板凳
发表于 2003-4-8 10:04:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用nobody在2003-4-8 1:12:00的发言:
22.Doctors in Britain have long suspected that patients who wear tinted eyeglasses are abnormally prone to depression and hypochondria. Psychological tests given there to hospital patients admitted for physical complaints like heart pain and digestive distress confirmed such a relationship. Perhaps people whose relationship to the world is psychologically painful choose such glasses to reduce visual stimulation, which is perceived as irritating. At any rate, it can be concluded that when such glasses are worn, it is because the wearer has a tendency to be depressed or hypochondriacal

The argument assumes which one of the following?

(A) Depression is not caused in some cases by an organic condition of the body.
(B) Wearers do not think of the tinted glasses as a means of distancing themselves from other people.
(C) Depression can have many causes, including actual conditions about which it is reasonable for anyone to be depressed.
(D) For hypochondriacs wearing tinted glasses, the glasses serve as a visual signal to others that the wearer's health is delicate.
(E) The tinting does not dim light to the eye enough to depress the wearer's mood substantially.
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答案E,请大家给点解题思路。谢谢。



关键是:原题的结论:depress的人倾向于选择这种眼睛。(people whose relationship to the world is psychologically painful choose such glasses to reduce visual stimulation)

E说明:眼睛不会导致depress. 而事实是:tinted glass和depress密切相关,所以从反面加强了depress的人选了tinted glass。即:是原结论的一个assumption(也可取非削弱理解)。
地板
发表于 2003-4-8 10:17:00 | 只看该作者
第2题,罗嗦几句,算是狗尾续貂:
文中要说的是人们有了忧郁的倾向或者不喜欢这个地球时,才会选择墨镜,换言,暗示墨镜只是表现。套用取非方式,一旦墨镜成为原因,和文中的推理就不符了。谢谢shany,又学会一点。
5#
 楼主| 发表于 2003-4-8 11:34:00 | 只看该作者
谢谢shany版主,siebel,和cranberry版主的解答.
还想问一下,大家做第二题时是读完题心中已有答案,然后从选项中找出,
还是读完题再读选项,将错误选项一一排除后再判断剩下选项?
6#
发表于 2003-4-8 22:11:00 | 只看该作者
To nobody,

假设有多种方法,不可能看完题干就确认答案,但多少会带些思路。否定因果倒置是常用的假设法,扫一遍选项,看到E就可以确认。



[此贴子已经被作者于2003-4-8 22:15:27编辑过]
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2003-4-9 00:21:00 | 只看该作者
谢谢shany版主指点,不知假设题除了架桥,加not,和否定因果倒置以外还有什么常用方法?请版主多多指教。
8#
发表于 2003-4-11 00:21:00 | 只看该作者
基本也就是这些常用方法,新东方总结的东西还是管用的。只是我主张细分,比如无他因的假设,可以是否定所有替代解释(not other),可以是否定一个是一个(one is not significant), 也可以是明确唯一原因(only)。

个人拙见,供参考。
9#
发表于 2011-12-22 09:57:44 | 只看该作者
第二题求解啊
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