BYdaisyeni
阅读都是JJ上的, pollution control: highlight了第一段的opportunity cost, 问值下列哪个, 选项有, opportunity for low pollution control, the cost to prevent pollution, possibility to detect pollution
第二段讲production efficiency and quality control, 问题是第二段的作用, 选analogy
主旨题, recommend a new solution
【碎碎念】LZ六月的时候考到过这篇~基本自行确认 附基本原文! 不过还是呼唤daisyeni确认下
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1.2.7 企业应如何解决污染
V1 by fargone
讲企业应如何解决污染的问题,提到“机会成本”,跟企业解决产品缺陷的例子做类比,提出解决污染应该怎么怎么
V2 by sarahstany
企业环保不赔钱
整一段,内容变体:
先提出传统观点,环保赔钱(有考点);
接着提出新观点,不赔钱,指出2点理由,分别详述:1. 可降成本;2.采取措施,不吃亏,其它公司学不来,有竞争优势(有考点)。
V3 by 敏儿猫猫
第四篇好像是讲一个conventional idea 是关于企业治理污染还是什么的,然后讲了这个idea的两个缺点一个是它assume 治理污染只会带来cost,不会有收益,第二是说企业之间对这种技术还是什么的可以相互学习,所以企业搞这个没有优势。
V4 by 曾毛毛viki 710
1,第一段讲公司控制污染可以赢得大家的好感啊,对得起大家啊什么的。然后说大多数的公司一般都不会去控制污染,因为要费很多钱,他们宁愿拿那些钱去研究怎么提高产品或者想新设计。
但最近发现污染其实会产生“opportunity costs”(这个要考),包括waste resources, waste efforts什么的反正作者意思是要提高利润,其实更应该去控制污染。2,第二段讲某个时期有一个叫做“quality revolution”的运动,貌似是提倡用控制污染的方法提高利润。在运动之前,企业都是将钱投在产品的提升上以压低价格获得更多利润,但是现实条件是,那些产品已经是不能再提升啦改变啦什么的。所以企业这样做没有效果哦。所以企业开始发现污染的出现其实是自己公司效率啊资源利用啊都没弄好的signal(考点)。所以就顺从这个运动啊,开始用控制污染的方法提升利润喔。
3,第三段狗主忘了。。。。估计没考点吧
V5 by sweettrainbow 750
第一段:提出很多大家虽然觉得后期处理pollution比较expensive,但是还是选择这个方法
第二段:为什么大家都不愿意在production process中减少pollution呢?其实这种现象的发生时建立在一个assumption上:大家认为production的assembly line(这个不是关键词,不用google,我忘记原文了)是不能对于减少pollution做出改变的,只能靠more supervision(同样都不是关键词……我都是靠记意思的,对不起大家)。
但其实这些assembly line是可以做适当改变的=>有pollution是因为流水线waste resource(再次强调不是原文词)
第三段:举例说产生defect就是因为流水线上浪费material(这段不重要)
第四段:based on第三段,pollution也是类似的,所以改善流水线来减少pollution和waste就是提高efficiency
题目:
1. 主旨(貌似是解释一种misconception?还是这个是干扰项?忘记了……)
2. 第三段的作用(类比defect和pollution,这道百分之百确定)
3. 貌似是问如果这个的实施有什么作用(提升efficiency)
V6 by chole蜗牛 680
 
ollution 这篇比较简单,就算么有JJ也应该做得出来,就不多说了 只说一道争议题 就是“opportunitycost” 选项记得几个争议的 1. allocate resource more efficiently 2possiblelosses if not prevent pollution 3 啥啥customer’sdefect 4 stop pollution of cumstomer.顺序不记得了,其实看了之后 没懂为什么是争议题, 很明显是possible losses if not prevent pollution。首先 学过点ECO的都知道Opportunitycost , 其次原文是 “啥啥opportunity cost-wasted water, wasted energy and decrease 啥啥customer’sproduct quality”(类似这个意思),这些都是如果company generate pollution 会造成的cost of thecompany, customer and society. 所以就是这个答案了..
V7 by applemay 670
只有一段
传统观念认为做环保知是给企业增加成本没别的好处。这种观点肯定是不对的,基于以下两个原因:
第一,为了环保企业可能会回头审视自己的工艺流程等,发现其中可以提高效率更经济的做法
第一,在参与环保的过程中企业可以获得一些领先于竞争的技术,流程等,特别是这些个流程技术可能是竞争对手企业再也无法追赶补上的。
V8 by Ting2010 720
第一段,企业总觉得在生产过程中减少废物的生产会增加成本,其实不然,这样反而会更节约资源
第二段,这个理论是从产品瑕疵啥的(以前的一个理论)得来的,就是说,企业总觉得是产品更精细是浪费,因为要增加不必要的人力神马的,其实他们错了,在让产品更完美的同时有神马神马好处~~~
第三段,like the product-~~~(第二段),我们怎么怎么样~~~
Q1.opportunity cost定义,我选的possible那个啥的
Q2.高亮第二段,作用。CE之间好犹豫,纠结死了
V9 by balgirl 760
1)主旨题:
企业关于治理污染的新的观念
(2)第3段讲述公司产品defect的作用
是个类比
(3)Opportunity Cost的含义
貌似选项原文是:Possibility of Loss if not prevented考古by mnch
V1【by loverwy】
公司在污染治理上的。公司传统上 觉得治理污染会增加成本,但是呢新的发现是说其实治理污染是有助于他们的利润的。下一段举了一个例子,说几十年前,1960?或者70,(不记得),公司 觉得提高质量也会增加成本,但是后来发现之前质量没那么好的时候是因为没有充分利用资源。。所以说提高了质量反而会增加利润。最后一段没看。。。题目比较 简单,问了这个例子的作用(就是整个第二段高亮),还有问主题啊什么的。
V2【by leetina 700】
第一篇好像是说作者说啊,现在有的公司觉得环保的cost太高了。第二段说,这不是的,因为没有考虑到opportunity cost(有题),就是因为污染浪费掉的资源是很多的...哦,是先说到一种revolution什么的,然后好像类比了一下还是怎样==第三段 忘了。。。。(原谅我!记忆力太差!)有一道主旨题,我选的是作者通过论证支持某一观点
V3【by greenGMATerS 750】
公司治理环境污染的那篇,碰到的考题和狗狗上差不多,补充一个,不是潜在cost,是机会成本(opportunity cost),我选的是Possible loss blahblah的
考古
V1
传统的corporate 是以identify, examine, clean up pullution waste 为主轴, 是用被动的处理方式来对待pollution 的问题; 但是近几年的新公司是采用prevention-method. 比如说增加new equipment 来减少排放或是采取close monitor的主动方式来处理pollution问题. 但是作者指出了一个新的观点(有题) 说公司可以view pollution problems as opportunity cost - pollution problem indicates inefficiency in resource allocation 和company 的运行模式. 公司可以把pollution 问题进一步的看成是公司运作方式出了问题的警讯.
V2
更多对于opportunity cost 的解释和给予支持. 但是观点仍然是在opportunity cost 是一个比防范, 甚至治疗, 还要更加有效的方式. 企业应该要因此去从这个角度切入来重新检视公司的 resource allocation, 无论是employee, material 或者以外的资源
V3
给了一些prospect, companies can be more efficient blahblahblah等等 其中的 "Can","Will" 都给了作者对于这个新方法的期望. 没题
这个题目有:
Q1- 此篇文章的main purpose, 我选的是类似 introduce a new concept on the pollution-prevention method
Q2- (Opportunity Cost 第一段两字高亮) 请问Opportunity Cost 指的是为何? 我选的是to allocate resource more efficiently
V4
第一段和JJ差不多。
第二段好像主要是讲如何用opportunity cost理论减少defect
第三段说like defect, pollution也可以用opportunity cost理论来eliminate
有一题提到第二段的作用,我好像选择一个提到类比(analogy)的方法
opportunity cost高亮问意思我选了stop pollution before it begin; 另外的选项有possibilities loss in cost
补充下有个问题是第二段的作用,我选的是第三段的类比V5
主要说公司一直把污染看作成本,不管是采用事后弥补的还是事前预防的,但公司应该把它看作机会成本。然后举了个例子说原来质量控制也是被看作成本,提高质量就意味着增加检验和返工,后来公司意识到质量控制其实是啥东东,忘了。最后总结说污染也是同样道理云云。
补充问题:一题问opportunity cost是什么,这题JJ上说是选to allocate resource more efficiently这个选项,可是考场上没有和resource沾边的选项,犹豫了好久,又会原文扫了几眼,最后选了stop pollution before 污染发生的那个选项。:
那道比较有争议的opportunity cost指什么:我选的possible losses if not prevent pollution,我觉得stop pollution before it begin不对,那个是prevention method(提供者770分)
有一题问有junction molecule的作用吧。有两个选项挺接近的。一个说improve interactive ability of two typs of molecule还有一个是conduit for information among cells. 我当时选了第一个,仔细想想的话应该是后一个吧。。大家到时候再仔细看吧
V
6
P1: 很多company认为控制环境污染会增加不必要的cost,然后作者反驳说环境污染会带来一些潜在的cost, 然后举了几个例子(这里有一道考题问整个潜在的cost怎么解释,我选得是环境污染会在其他方面产生cost, 原文表述这个潜在的cost用了一个什么词我忘了)
P2: 类比说defect,以前公司认为defect是不可避免的,减少defect会增加公司的cost, 但是后来发现,通过改进流程可以减少defect也不会增加cost(有一道题问这段的作用,我选得是类比那个)P3: 总结说环境污染也可以像defect一样被控制类似原文
by forevercoco
The concept of resource productivity opens up a new way of looking at both the full systems costs and the value associated with any product. Resource inefficiencies are most obvious within a company in the form of incomplete material utilization and poor process controls, which result in unnecessary waste, defects, and stored materials. But there also are many other hidden costs buried in the life cycle of the product. Packaging discarded by distributors or customers, for example, wastes resources and adds costs. Customers bear additional costs when they use products that pollute or waste energy. Resources are lost when products that contain usable materials are discarded and when customers pay --directly or indirectly -- for product disposal.
Environmental improvement efforts have traditionally overlooked these systems costs. Instead, they have focused on pollution control through better identification, processing, and disposal of discharges or waste -- costly approaches. In recent years, more advanced companies and regulators have embraced the concept of pollution prevention, sometimes called source reduction, which uses such methods as material substitution and closed-loop processes to limit pollution before it occurs.
But, although pollution prevention is an important step in the right direction, ultimately companies must learn to frame environmental improvement in terms of resource productivity. [1] Today managers and regulators focus on the actual costs of eliminating or treating pollution. They must shift their attention to include the opportunity costs of pollution --wasted resources, wasted effort, and diminished product value to the customer. At the level of resource productivity, environmental improvement and competitiveness come together.
This new view of pollution as resource inefficiency evokes the quality revolution of the 1980s and its most powerful lessons. Today we have little trouble grasping the idea that innovation can improve quality while actually lowering cost.But as recently as fifteen years ago, managers believed there was a fixed trade-off. Improving quality was expensive because it could be achieved only through inspection and rework of the inevitable" defects that came off the line. What lay behind the old view was the assumption that both product design and production processes were fixed. As managers have rethought the quality issue, however, they have abandoned that old mind-set. Viewing defects as a sign of inefficient product and process design -- not as an inevitable byproduct of manufacturing -- was a breakthrough. Companies now strive to build quality into the entire process. The new mind-set unleashed the power of innovation to relax or eliminate what companies had previously accepted as fixed trade-offs.第二段用defect做类比Like defects, pollution often reveals flaws in the product design or production process. Efforts to eliminate pollution can therefore follow the same basic principles widely used in quality programs: Use inputs more efficiently, eliminate the need for hazardous, hard-to-handle materials, and eliminate unneeded activities. In a recent study of major process changes at ten manufacturers of printed circuit boards, for example, pollution-control personnel initiated thirteen of thirty-three major changes. Of the thirteen changes, twelve resulted in cost reduction, eight in quality improvements, and five in extension of production capabilities. [2] It is not surprising that total quality management (TQM) has become a source of ideas for pollution reduction that can create offsetting benefits. The Dow Chemical Company, for example, explicitly identified the link between quality improvement and environmental performance by using statistical-process control to reduce the variance in processes and to lower waste.-- by 会员 staceyfff (2011/11/9 20:52:53)