CD-V-13T-9-Q14. GWD-13-40 打破沙锅问“抗体”!
In response to viral infection, the immune systems of mice typically produce antibodies that destroy the virus by binding to proteins on its surface. Mice infected with a herpesvirus generally develop keratitis, a degenerative disease affecting part of the eye. Since proteins on the surface of cells in this part of the eye closely resemble those on the herpesvirus surface, scientists hypothesize that these cases of keratitis are caused by antibodies to herpesvirus. 角膜炎
Which of the following, if true, gives the greatest additional support to the scientists’ hypothesis?
- Other types of virus have surface proteins that closely resemble proteins found in various organs of mice.
- There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice contract herpes at roughly the same rate as other mice.
- Mice that are infected with a herpesvirus but do not develop keratitis produce as many antibodies as infected mice that do develop keratitis.
- There are mice that are unable to form antibodies in response to herpes infections, and these mice survive these infections without ever developing keratitis.
- Mice that have never been infected with a herpesvirus can sometimes develop keratitis.WEAKEN
先看2位大N的精彩解释: Mindfree: Mice produce antibodies when virus is present. These antibodies destroy the virus by binding (attaching) to the protein on the virus surface. When a particular virus is found in mice, the mice always have a disease that affects the eyes. The hypothesis is that the protein of of eye cell is similar to the protein of the virus, the antibodies accidentally bind to the protein of the eye cell and destroy the cell. When you see too many words unknown to you, be cool. Guess what it might be. Most of the scientific terms are not important at all. For complex sentences, break them down into simple sentences. Lawyer: 整段话的意思为:对病毒感染做出反应,老鼠通常产生抗体,这种抗体附着到病毒表面的蛋白质,将它杀死。感染H病毒的老鼠通常得K病(一种眼睛病)。因为眼睛的这部分细胞表面的蛋白质和H病毒表面的蛋白质极其相似,所以科学家猜测K病是对H病毒的抗体引起的。 其实这道题你不需知道原文内容便可知答案。答案是个因果型结论,即认为某个原因导致某种现象。它的支持选项通常是1:排出其他原因导致该现像。2。有因有果。3。无因无果。4。因果不倒置。5。提供去推导因果关系的信息是准确的。 具体到该题,答案认为抗体导致K病。D说无抗体的老鼠没得这种病。无因无果。 —————————————————————————————————————— 我的理解:这题下结论时,用得是类比的方式:同因同果:有类似的“果”,推测出有类似的“因”。 “果”1:H病毒表面会出现蛋白质;“因”:老鼠产生的抗体附着起来的; “果”2:得K病(角膜炎)的老鼠眼睛部位有类似蛋白质;问“因”?答:可能同上,是抗体; 请教2个问题: 1:如果本题问WEAKEN,C是WEAKEN吗? 个人理解是:同因不同果:抗体都一样,但结果不一样:一个有H无K,一个有H有K。不知理解对否? 2:另:关于抗体,不理解为什么抗体对付了H病毒,但又造成K病呢? 以下是我查的资料,不知道理解对否?请NN指正!因为有的CDERS也提出这个疑问。 我也和部分CDERS一样,一直误以为抗体只有抵抗病毒的正面作用,但查询以下背景资料,得知抗体有时也会对机体造成病理性损害。因此,本题中的抗体即对H病毒有抵抗作用,同时对老鼠的角膜也造成了损害。 an·ti·bod·y [ántī bòddee, ánti bòddee] (plural an·ti·bod·ies) n
| protein that fights infections: a protein produced by B cells in the body in response to the presence of an antigen, for example, a bacterium or virus. Antibodies are a primary form of immune response in resistance to disease and act by attaching themselves to a foreign antigen and weakening or destroying it. |
早在一个世纪以前,就有人发现机体受外来抗原物质刺激后,能产生一种与该抗原发生特异性结合的物质,称为抗体。 1937年,有人用电泳法将人的血清蛋白分为白蛋白、甲种球蛋白、乙种球蛋白和丙种球蛋白,不久又证明了抗体存在于丙种球蛋白中,长期以来丙种球蛋白就成为抗体的代名词。但以后又发现部分乙种球蛋白亦具有抗体功能。因此,把具有抗体活性及抗体分子相关的球蛋白,统称为免疫球蛋白。1964年在日内瓦召开的人类免疫球蛋白命名会议上,把抗体统一命名为免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M,以后又发现了免疫球蛋白D和免疫球蛋白E,共有五类免疫球蛋白,而每一类免疫球蛋白又有许多亚型。 抗体的主要功能是与抗原(包括外来的和自身的)相结合,从而有效地清除侵入机体内的微生物、寄生虫等异物,中和它们所释放的毒素或清除某些自身抗原,使机体保持正常平衡,但有时也会对机体造成病理性损害,如抗核抗体、抗双链DNA抗体、抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体等一些自身抗体的产生,对人体可造成危害。系统性红斑狼疮是自身免疫性疾病中产生自身抗体最多的一种疾病,所以危害也最大。 希望对大家理解本题有帮助!请NN指正!
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