狒狒逻辑宝典之二(三道假设)[求助]

1stzhang · 发表于 2003-7-9 13:14:00

[face=Georgia]17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identical twins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do have similar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends?
(A) Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation.
(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York.
(C) The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.
(D) Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals.
(E) Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home environments.

这个题目的答案是C,但是我真是不得不多看B几眼。这个题目明显B是一个干扰答案。如何迅速地排除B这样地答案在考场上不在犹豫请大牛们指点。

23. On a certain day, nine scheduled flights on Swift Airlines were canceled. Ordinarily, a cancellation is due to mechanical problems with the airplane scheduled for a certain flight. However, since it is unlikely that Swift would have the mechanical problems with more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day, some of the nine cancellations were probably due to something else.
(A) More than one or two airplanes were scheduled for the nine canceled flights.
(B) Swift Airlines has fewer mechanical problems than do other airlines of the same size.
(C) Each of the canceled flights would have been longer than the average flight on Swift Airlines.
(D) Swift Airlines had never before canceled more than one or two scheduled flights on a single day.
(E) All of the airplanes scheduled for the canceled flights are based at the same airport.

这个假设地答案是A,是如何得到地，请指点。

28. Ordinary mountain sickness, a common condition among mountain climbers, and one from which most people can recover, is caused by the characteristic shortage of oxygen in the atmosphere at high altitudes. Cerebral edema, a rarer disruption of blood circulation in the brain that quickly becomes life-threatening if not correctly treated from its onset, can also be caused by a shortage of oxygen. Since the symptoms of cerebral edema resemble those of ordinary mountain sickness, cerebral edema is especially dangerous at high altitudes.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The treatment for ordinary mountain sickness differs from the treatment for cerebral edema.
(B) Cerebral edema can cause those who suffer from it to slip into a coma within a few hours.
(C) Unlike cerebral edema, ordinary mountain sickness involves no disruption of blood circulation in the brain.
(D) Shortage of oxygen at extremely high altitude is likely to affect thinking processes and cause errors of judgment.
(E) Most people who suffer from ordinary mountain sickness recover without any special treatment.

这个题目地答案是A,让我真的很想不通但是我当时选地是C.[/face]

siebel · 发表于 2003-7-9 20:14:00

28. Since the symptoms of cerebral edema resemble those of ordinary mountain sickness读到这儿，意识到危险来自可能把这种危重病误诊为那种没事儿得病。
选项a，取非：治疗方法一样，说明即便误诊，也无所谓。

23 结论：some of the nine cancellations。a正合适。

17 我觉得，b可以作为加强看待。这样子的话，就变成了加强和假设如何区分的问题。

tocean0222 · 发表于 2003-7-9 21:09:00

17、What makes me rule out the choice B is "cultural difference", which is not mentioned in the passage.Even though the arguer says that two persons who were born at the same time but at different places have distinctive personalities,we cannot necessarily conclude that two places with geographical difference have cultural difference.

23、If ,contrary to A,just one airplane was scheduled for the nine canceled flights, it is reasonable that the cause of cancellation is the mechanical problems, thus undermining the conclusion.So,the choice A is answer.

28、Since the Cerebral edema is often mistakened for the mountain sickness, so if the treatment for mountain sickness cannot relieve the symptoms of cerebral edema, such action will threaten the climbers' lives. The choice A suggests this possiblity and thus is the best answer.

good luck!

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-7-9 21:14:37编辑过]

1stzhang · 发表于 2003-7-9 22:16:00

第17题我多问几句：如果把（B）改成(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the geographical l difference between Toronto and New York.

那么这个答案是如何排除地？

23题我觉得还是好希奇，请说明一下。特别是其中地逻辑关系。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-7-9 22:16:47编辑过]

tocean0222 · 发表于 2003-7-9 22:26:00

以下是引用1stzhang在2003-7-9 22:16:00的发言：
第17题我多问几句：如果把（B）改成(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the geographical l difference between Toronto and New York.

那么这个答案是如何排除地？

23题我觉得还是好希奇，请说明一下。特别是其中地逻辑关系。

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-7-9 22:16:47编辑过]

17、那就有2个答案了，都不能排除；

23、A就是排除了一种可能性：因为一架飞机机械故障导致9个航班延误，从而对结论来说是必要条件，因此时assumption；

lyricling · 发表于 2003-7-10 21:03:00

谈谈我对17题的看法:
C项　没有它因导致两人的星象位置不同，也即表明，两个的星像位置确实是相同的。因此保证了原文推理成立。
而B项错不在culture或geographical difference，之所以误选B，是因为该项近似于assumptioin常见的“not+weaken”型假设。
而本文的推理为：horoscopes 同而personality不同，所以horoscopes 不能决定personality.
将B项取非，B项即为“culture或geographical difference导致了personality的不同”，这不恰好支持了原文的结论：horoscopes 不能决定personality吗？B项如何能够是假设呢？

现象解释型推论常出现这种推理模式：
现象：A与B同时出现　　　结论：A是B的原因
其假设就应该是：别的原因不是导致B现象的唯一原因。

而本题的推理模式为：
现象：有A（相同的horoscopes ）却无B（相同的personality）不同时出现　
结论：A不是B的充分条件（即A决定不了B）
其假设应该是：1）直接说明A确实相同，或personality确实不同
　　　　　　　2）除A外的它因是B的充分条件。
如similar geographical properties betweenToronto and New York result in the similar personalities presented by the two individuals.

大牛们来看看，批评一下，帮大家提高一下。

lyricling · 发表于 2003-7-10 21:06:00

第23题，要注意一下原文推理里的flight与airplane两个元素之间的区别。9条flight如果是一架airplane飞，则原文的推理就不成立了。

mumuwa · 发表于 2004-5-25 20:04:00

以下是引用lyricling在2003-7-10 21:03:00的发言：
谈谈我对17题的看法:
C项　没有它因导致两人的星象位置不同，也即表明，两个的星像位置确实是相同的。因此保证了原文推理成立。
而B项错不在culture或geographical difference，之所以误选B，是因为该项近似于assumptioin常见的“not+weaken”型假设。
而本文的推理为：horoscopes 同而personality不同，所以horoscopes 不能决定personality.
将B项取非，B项即为“culture或geographical difference导致了personality的不同”，这不恰好支持了原文的结论：horoscopes 不能决定personality吗？B项如何能够是假设呢？

我这道题开始也选了B，我的方法是拿“NOT-WEAKEN”取非来判断B/C，方法没错，但是结论错了，看了LL的解释，我才明白，自己错的原因是取非后去验证观点时，将Psychologist和Astrologers 的观点搞混了，实际上是拿后者去检验的，所以就得出了错误的结论。

在此提醒大家别犯我的错，另外，我同意LL关于B的排除道理，我觉得光凭CULTURE来排除是危险的，尤其是对于选项有否定词的情况下，并不能严格无关字排除的，在肯定的桥梁式中最有效。

狒狒逻辑宝典之二(三道假设)[求助]

狒狒逻辑宝典之二(三道假设)[求助]

所属分类: GMAT考试

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