GWD19-10 已查过前人帖

Q9 to Q11:

      Among the myths taken as

         fact by the environmental manag-

         ers of most corporations is the

Line  belief that environmental regula-

  (5)  tions affect all competitors in

a given industry uniformly.  In

reality, regulatory costs—and

therefore compliance—fall

unevenly, economically disad-

 (10)  vantaging some companies and

benefiting others.  For example,

a plant situated near a number

of larger noncompliant competi-

tors is less likely to attract the

 (15)  attention of local regulators than

is an isolated plant, and less

attention means lower costs.

Additionally, large plants can

spread compliance costs such

 (20)  as waste treatment across a

         larger revenue base; on the other

         hand, some smaller plants may

not even be subject to certain

provisions such as permit or

 (25)  reporting requirements by virtue

of their size.  Finally, older pro-

duction technologies often

continue to generate toxic wastes

that were not regulated when the

 (30)  technology was first adopted.

New regulations have imposed

extensive compliance costs on

         companies still using older

industrial coal-fired burners that

 (35) generate high sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxide outputs, for

example, whereas new facilities

generally avoid processes that

        would create such waste pro-

 (40) ducts. By realizing that they

have discretion(判断力) and that not all

industries are affected equally

by environmental regulation,

environmental managers can

 (45)  help their companies to achieve

a competitive edge by anticipat-

ing regulatory pressure and

exploring all possibilities for

addressing how changing regula-

 (50)  tions will affect their companies

specifically.

Q10:

According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

1. Older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products.
2. Under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs.
3. Although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose.
4. Many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products.
5. Since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.

The key is A. Why? Thanks!

同问此题，文中只有下面这句提到了old technologies,其中并没有明说新规定下到底是完全不准排放了，还是可以少量排放（意味着很高的处理成本）。如果少量排放仍然允许的话，A说“old technologies完全不能用了”就是不准确的，因为仍然可以花大钱(compliance cost)来减少排放以达到新政策的要求。C说有些plants仍然在排放，但是付出了大量compliance 成本，我认为看起是正确的。

恳请高人指教！谢谢！！！

 Finally, older pro-

duction technologies often

continue to generate toxic wastes

that were not regulated when the

 (30)  technology was first adopted.

New regulations have imposed

extensive compliance costs on

         companies still using older

industrial coal-fired burners that

 (35) generate high sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxide outputs, for

example, whereas new facilities

generally avoid processes that

        would create such waste pro-

 (40) ducts

昨天刚做。。。尝试解答一下：

首先从行文结构看，“finally”是作为文章主旨regulatory costs—and therefore compliance—fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others（政策监管成本并不是对于所有的公司都平等） 的第三个例子 (for example... additionally... finally)，因此，如果把握住这个主旨，答案应该是显而易见的：

A：旧的技术没办法进行调整，因此继续产生着这些工业废物

该选项的暗示是，这些公司处于政策监管中的不利地位，尽管这些技术刚刚开始的时候是没有被监管的（...generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted），细细体会的话会发现，选项A把这些公司放在了政策的被动接受者的角色上，于文章主旨是相符的

C：尽管有对环境造成危害，以及高额的罚款，有些公司仍然生产着这些工业废物

从事实上看，C是对的，但是却扭曲了原文主旨，暗示这些公司似乎出于某种更高的利益无视环境问题和罚单，仍然产生着环境垃圾，although... some plans 的用法也有谴责这些公司的意味，相比A是偏离原文主旨的

其次，claudiaqt请看这段文字：New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, ...文章只是说了对某些排放不达标的锅炉收取高额的costs，并没有花钱就可以减少排放的任何意思。。。

个人意见，供讨论