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629.The introduction of new drugs into the market is frequently prevented by ashortage of human subjects for the clinical trials needed to show that thedrugs are safe and effective, Since the lives and health of people in futuregenerations may depend on treatments that are currently experimental,practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of anytreatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients tovolunteer for clinical trials.
Whichof the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Many drugs undergoing clinical trials areintended for the treatment of conditions for which there is currently noeffective treatment. (B) Patients do not share the physician'sprofessional concern for public health, but everyone has a moral obligation toalleviate suffering when able to do so. (C) Usually, half the patients in a clinicaltrial serve as a control group and receive a non-active drug in place of thedrug being tested. (D) An experimental drug cannot legally be madeavailable to patients unless those patients are subjects in clinical trials ofthe drug. (E) Physicians have an overriding moral andlegal duty to care for the health and safety of their current patients. 答案E OG的解释：
Reasoning: What would cast doubt on thejudgm ent that doctors are morally obligated, to encourage theirpatients
to volunteerfor clinicaltrials?Note that the argument’s conclusion, unlike its premises, is a moraljudgment. This judgment could be cast into doubt by a moral principle that would be likely toconflict with it under the conditions described. For example, aprinciple suggesting that it issometimes morally unacceptable for doctors to encourage their patients to volunteer for clinicaltrials would also suggest that they are not morally obligated to encourage their patients tovolunteer for clinical triaJs, sincc anything morally obligatory must also be morally acccptable.
A If anything, this highlights how important it is to ensure that these drugs undergo clinical trials to benefitfuture generations,so it supports rather than casts doubt on the arguments conclusion.
B This suggests that patients are morally obligated to volunteer for clinical trials to help prevent sufferingin future generations. I f anything, this supports the claim that doctors are morally obligated to cncouragctheir patients to volunteer.
C The clinical trial w ill probably not harm any patients in the control group, yet their participation willbenefit future generations. So, if anything, this supports the claim that doctors should encourage theirpatients to volunteer.
D This legal barrier makes it even more essential for the drugs to undergo clinical trials in order to benefitpatients, so it supports rather than casts doubt on the arguments conclusion.
E Correct. Since the experimental drugs’ safety is being tested during the trials, the drugs may prove unsafefor subjects in the trials. I f doctors have an overriding moral duty to keep their current patients safe, then itmay be morally unacceptable for them to encourage those patients to volunteer for the trials.
看了这道题og上的解释好像自己完全理解错题的意思了。。。不太理解“practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials."这句话的意思。。。
661.In the country of Marut, the Foreign Trade Agency'srecords were reviewed in 1994 in light of information then newly availableabout neighboring Goro. The review revealed that in everyyear since 1963, the agency's projection of what Goro’s gross national product (GNP) wouldbe five years later was a serious underestimate. The review also revealed thatin every year since 1963, the agency estimated Goro’s GNP for the previous year—a Gorostate secret—very accurately.
Ofthe following claims, which is most strongly supported by the statements given?
(A) Goro's GNP fluctuated greatly between1963 and 1994. (B) Prior to 1995, Gorohad not released data intended to mislead the agency in making its five-yearprojections. (C) The amount by which the agencyunderestimated the GNP it projected for Goro tended to increase overtime. (D) Even before the new information came tolight, the agency had reason to think that at least some of the five-yearprojections it had made were inaccurate.
(E) The agency’s five-year projections of Goro’s GNP had no impact on economicplanning in Marut. 答案：D 这道题我选对了但是用的排除法，不知道D是怎么推出来的。。。
希望大神帮忙看看这两道题！感激不尽！ | 
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发表于 2016-7-15 16:09:25
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